freepeople性欧美熟妇, 色戒完整版无删减158分钟hd, 无码精品国产vα在线观看DVD, 丰满少妇伦精品无码专区在线观看,艾栗栗与纹身男宾馆3p50分钟,国产AV片在线观看,黑人与美女高潮,18岁女RAPPERDISSSUBS,国产手机在机看影片

正文內(nèi)容

[經(jīng)濟學]第六講中國公共財政專題-閱讀頁

2025-03-08 22:36本頁面
  

【正文】 22% E. Tax Sharing System and VAT Expansion (分稅制及增值稅擴大 ) 1994 F. Eliminate agricultural tax (取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅) 2022 G. Merge corporate ine tax for foreign amp。 中央政府收入占 總收入 55% ? 中國財政收入增長迅速 ? 2022年增長達到 32% ? 2022年 21% The growth rate % in 2022 and % in 2022. ? 2022年上半年累計,全國財政收入 ,比去年同期增加 ,增長 %。 ? 財政收入中的稅收收入 ,同比增長 %; ? 非稅收入 ,同比增長 %。 , 16月居民消費價格同比上漲 %,工業(yè)生產(chǎn)者出 廠價格同比上漲 %,帶動以現(xiàn)價計算的相關稅收相應增加。 ,按有關規(guī)定將原預算外資金納入預算管理,帶動非稅收入大幅增長,以及自 2022年 12月 1日起 對外資企業(yè)征收城市維護建設稅和教育費附加,相應增加一些收入。八、九十年代規(guī)模大, 1985年占預算收入的 76%, 1992年占 111%。中央比重 1992年 44%, 2022年 7%。預算外收入 1995占預算收入的 39%, 2022年占 11%;預算外收入 1995占 GDP的 4%, 2022年占2%。 VAT on imports:14% Domestic Consumption tax: 8% VAT, business tax, consumption tax are regressive 66% Personal ine tax: % Corporate ine tax: % ? 沒有個人財產(chǎn)稅、遺產(chǎn)稅、贈與稅 No personal property tax, inheritance tax, gift tax 財產(chǎn)稅的理論根據(jù): 特別消費稅 資本稅或財富稅 公共設施使用費,公共服務,如學校、公園、道路、警察等 Rational for property tax: Excise tax Capital tax or wealth tax User fee, provide services to the property, such as schools, parks, roads, police protection, etc 30年代中國進行了一系列財稅改革,引入累進的所得稅和遺產(chǎn)稅等直接稅。 美國目前沒有聯(lián)邦財產(chǎn)稅 2022年 州 政府財產(chǎn)稅占總財產(chǎn)稅的比重 % 地方政府 % In the US now, property tax is not a federal tax. In 2022, total $279 billion State governments: $ billion % Local governments: $269 billion % 美國平均財產(chǎn)稅率為 %,其中德克薩斯為 %,加州為 % US Federal government estate tax rate 美國聯(lián)邦政府遺產(chǎn)稅 Year Exclusion Amount Max/Top tax rate 年 豁免額 最高稅率 2022 $675,000 55% 2022 $1 million 50% 2022 $1 million 49% 2022 $ million 48% 2022 $ million 47% 2022 $2 million 46% 2022 $2 million 45% 2022 $2 million 45% 2022 $ million 45% 2022 repealed 0% 2022 $1 million 55% ? 中國的稅制是利于經(jīng)濟增長的,不利于收入再分配 China’s tax system is growthoriented, not equalityoriented ? 從一定意義上講,中國的稅制正式西方主流經(jīng)濟學家所倡導的 In some sense, China’s tax system is somewhat the tax system US mainstream economists proposed ? 他們想要更多的儲蓄,我們想要更多的消費 They want more savings, we want to more consumption ? 他們建議增加消費稅、減少儲蓄稅 They suggest more tax on consumption and less on savings ? 增值稅 VAT 17% ? 公司所得稅 Corporate Ine Tax 25% ? 社會保障貢獻 Social Security Contributions 28% Wages ? ( 20% Retirement, 8% Healthcare) ? 個人所得稅 Personal Ine Tax 545% ? In the Forbes Tax Misery Index, China Rank No 2 The index based on corporate ine tax, personal ine tax, wealth tax, social security tax, and sales tax ? 根據(jù) 《 福布斯 》 2022年稅負痛苦指數(shù), 中國內(nèi)地的稅負痛苦指數(shù)高居全球第 2,僅次于法國。 中國正在快速城市化,對公共基礎設施和其它公共品的需求在增加 China is in the period of rapid urbanization, there is increasing demand for urban infrastructures and other public goods。 18421933, 地方政府投資多、舉債多 Local government invested more than state and federal government。 2022 % 高外貿(mào)盈余、高外匯儲備 Related to high trade account surplus, high foreign exchanges reserves, $3 trillion 中國是窮國,是資本輸出國 China is a poor country, but a lender in the international capital market 許多國家在工業(yè)化初期依賴外貿(mào) Many industrialized countries relied on exports in industrialization period, ., Great Britain, Japan, etc. China is not an exception, perhaps, consumption behind production is a pattern. 中國想提高國內(nèi)消費,但國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品價格高 China wants to increase domestic consumption demand, but prices of the tradables are high 不利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展 Unsuitable for Sustainable Growth ? 資源稅太低 Resource taxes are based on quantity and are too low ? 污染著付費不夠 Taxes on environmental protection too low 改革稅制,促進經(jīng)濟公平持續(xù)發(fā)展 Reforming Tax System for Equitable and Sustainable Growth 中國不要再增大稅收規(guī)模,稅制改革應該是結構性的 China does not need to increase total government revenue China’s tax reforms should be structural (1) 增大地方政府財政收入 Increase Revenues of Local Governments China’s enter a new era of local infrastructure development It’s time for local government play a more active role A. 允許地方政府建立地方稅 Allow local governments to establish local taxes, such as property tax B. 增加地方政府增值稅份額,取消增值稅返還 Increase the VAT share of local government and eliminate the tax rebate system (2) 降低部分稅收 Lower Some Tax Rates 降低企業(yè)稅,特別是中小企業(yè)稅 Lower Tax Burden of Enterprises particularly the taxes for small enterprises 降低增值稅可以刺激消費 Low VAT, VAT is a consumption tax Prices for the internationally tradable much higher in China If China needs more consumption and less savings Lower VAT can increase consumption (3)逐步 建立新稅種 Establish New Taxes or Increase the Rates of Some Existent Taxes Property Tax 財產(chǎn)稅 To provide needed local public goods Inheritance tax, gift tax 遺產(chǎn)稅 To let new generations create wealth for themselves Capital gains tax 資本利得稅 To avoid large fluctuation of capital ine Resource tax 資源稅 To avoid exhaustive exploitation of resources 三、 財政赤字和政府債務 學術討論及 發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家債務趨勢 ? 李嘉圖、羅伯特
點擊復制文檔內(nèi)容
教學課件相關推薦
文庫吧 www.dybbs8.com
備案圖鄂ICP備17016276號-1