【正文】
he spherical lens design, LED light to improve the efficiency of market applications, also plays an important role. In the lens materials, select a high transmittance of the glass or acrylic and other synthetic materials to improve light efficiency。s largest spherical lens structure basis, taking into account a variety of other lens design. Thermal Packaging Technology Cooling for the power type LED devices is critical, if not the current heat generated by the shed in time to maintain the PN junction to allow the junction temperature in the range will not be able to obtain a stable light output and maintenance of the normal life of the device. Thermal materials are usually used, although the best thermal conductivity of Ag, but the high cost of the radiator not suitable for generalpurpose. And Cu close to the thermal conductivity of Ag, and low cost pared with Ag. Although the thermal conductivity of Al is lower than Cu, but its integrated the lowest cost, is conducive to largescale manufacturing. After the experimental contrast, the approach is: to connect the chip part of the use of Cu or Agbased matrix for the heat sink, and then the heat sink connected to the A1based radiator, shed heat (or aircooled heat transfer mode).This approach39。s 1W high power white LEDAdvanced pany 1W high power white LED/W/V/W/V30078Although high efficiency white light LED develops successfully, but to achieve and surpass the international advanced level, and realizes the batched production, but also has the following question to need to solve: a. color uniformity is not highThis experiment selects “the blue light chip +YAG luminous powder” to have the white light LED manufacture method, because of using the manual spot rubber, will cause the luminous powder to be uneven distribution inevitably, causes in various directions, the yellow light colour blending allocated proportion not to be inconsistent blue, thus t influencing product39。從1W大功率白光LED的封裝工藝技術(shù)出發(fā),在分析比較了幾種產(chǎn)生白光LED方法的成本、性能的基礎(chǔ)上,最終選取性價比相對較高的“藍光芯片+YAG熒光粉”產(chǎn)生白光LED的制作方法。引言LED是利用固體半導(dǎo)體芯片作為發(fā)光材料,采用電場發(fā)光。LED不依靠燈絲發(fā)熱來發(fā)光,能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率非常高,理論上只需要白熾燈10%的能耗,相比熒光燈,LED也可以達到50%的節(jié)能效果。用LED替代熒光燈,避免熒光燈竹破裂溢出汞的一次污染,而且制造LED的廢棄底板(鋁基覆銅板)可以回收重復(fù)利用。此外,LED還具有工作電壓低、耗電量小、光效高、響應(yīng)時間極短(ns級)、光色純、重量輕、體積小等一系列特性,發(fā)展突飛猛進,尤其是大功率高亮度白光LED的發(fā)明,被業(yè)界稱為繼取火照明、愛迪生發(fā)明電燈之后的“照明領(lǐng)域的第三次革命”。因此,本實驗選用該方法制作白光LED。紅、綠、藍多種色光組合發(fā)光效率較高;可動態(tài)調(diào)整色溫;顯色性佳;顏色自然需要三顆晶粒,各晶粒需有個別的電子回路設(shè)計,成本高;近距離混色性不佳;多色LED發(fā)光效率不均關(guān)鍵工藝及技術(shù)措施相對于普通白光LED而言,大功率(W級功率)白光LED具有更高的功率和更大的發(fā)熱量,因此,在封裝過程中,需要綜合考慮光、電、熱等多方面因素。P型GaN上的金屬透明電極要吸收30%40%的光,同時H型電極和引線也會遮擋部分光線的透出,這嚴重地影響著LED芯片的出光效率。同時,這種正裝結(jié)構(gòu)的PN結(jié)熱量通過藍寶石襯底導(dǎo)出,藍寶石的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)為35 W/ (mK)(比金屬層要差),熱阻較大,導(dǎo)致竹芯溫度上升,從而影響器件的各項性能。從芯片PN結(jié)產(chǎn)生的熱量通過金絲球焊點,直接傳導(dǎo)至Si基板和熱沉,其傳熱效果遠優(yōu)于正裝藍寶石的散熱結(jié)構(gòu);flip chip的金絲球焊結(jié)構(gòu)縮短了導(dǎo)線路徑,避免了在傳統(tǒng)正裝芯片結(jié)構(gòu)中因?qū)Ь€路徑較長而產(chǎn)生的高熱現(xiàn)象;同時,在Si基板上制作反向偏置的PN結(jié),實現(xiàn)Si基板與Cu熱沉之間的電隔離。光學(xué)設(shè)計技術(shù)1. 折射率的改善大功率白光LED的芯片折射率n= 24,遠高于起著透鏡作用的封裝材料的折射率()。如何將內(nèi)部不同材料間折射、反射消耗掉的光能加以利用,是設(shè)計出光系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵。此外,在倒裝芯片的藍寶石襯底與環(huán)氧樹脂結(jié)合面之間,增加一層Si膠材料作為緩沖層,減少因熱膨脹應(yīng)力作用而引起的脫層現(xiàn)象,以改善芯片出光的折射率和提高產(chǎn)品可靠性。在透鏡材料方面,選取高透光的玻璃或亞克力等合成材料,以提高出光效率。熱學(xué)封裝技術(shù)散熱對于功率型LED器件是至關(guān)重要的,如果不能將電流產(chǎn)生的熱量及時的散出,保持PN結(jié)的結(jié)溫在允許范圍內(nèi),將無法獲得穩(wěn)定的光輸出和維持正常的器件壽命。而Cu的導(dǎo)熱率比較接近Ag,且成本比Ag低。經(jīng)過反復(fù)實驗對比,采取的做法是:連接芯片部分采用Cu基或Ag基作熱沉,再將該熱沉連接在A1基散熱器,將熱量散出(風冷或熱傳導(dǎo)方式)。 此外,連接Cu基熱沉與芯片之間的材料選擇也是十分重要的,普通LED常用銀膠作為連接材料。為此,引入新的固品工藝,即共品焊接技術(shù):以Sn片焊接作為品粒與熱沉之間連接材料。制作工藝及結(jié)果分析 裂片藍光芯片測試藍光芯片粘片真空烘共晶焊焊線一點YGA熒光粉真空烘干點散射劑真空烘干灌膠真空烘干脫模半切測試全切長烤分選包裝入庫。具體測試結(jié)果如表2所示。色度均勻性的提高還有賴于新技術(shù)手段的開發(fā)。本實驗采用藍、黃混色產(chǎn)生白光的方法,因此對紅色的表現(xiàn)能力較差,造成部分光譜的不連續(xù),該部分光譜不能被反射到人眼,從而人眼會感覺到物體顏色的失真。因此,開發(fā)抗紫外光的透明性封裝材料成為提高顯色指數(shù)一致性的新挑戰(zhàn)。從某種角度上講,大功率白光LED封裝不僅是一門制造技術(shù),更是一門在不斷創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)。