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【正文】 gaunt and severe Miss Watson is the most prominent representative of the hypocritical religious and ethical values Twain criticizes in the novel. The Widow Douglas is somewhat gentler in her beliefs and has more patience with the mischievous Huck. When Huck acts in a manner contrary to societal expectations, it is the Widow Douglas whom he fears disappointing. Jim ? One of Miss Watson39。s frequent acts of selflessness, his longing for his family, and his friendship with both Huck and Tom demonstrate to Huck that humanity has nothing to do with race. Because Jim is a black man and a runaway slave, he is at the mercy of almost all the other characters in the novel and is often forced into ridiculous and degrading situations. Pap ? Huck39。erdowell. Pap is a wreck when he appears at the beginning of the novel, with disgusting, ghostlike white skin and tattered clothes. The illiterate Pap disapproves of Huck39。t really accept the money, but tries to fort Huck. Judge Thatcher has a daughter, Becky, who was Tom39。s time, things had not necessarily gotten much better for blacks in the South. In this light, we might read Twain39。s education, Huckleberry Finn fits into the tradition of the bildungsroman: a novel depicting an individual39。s rules, able to make his own decisions without restriction. Through deep introspection, he es to his own conclusions, unaffected by the accepted—and often hypocritical—rules and values of Southern culture. By the novel39。s ―rights‖ to his son as his natural father over Huck39。s rights to his ―property‖—his slaves—over the welfare and freedom of a black man. In implicitly paring the plight of slaves to the plight of Huck at the hands of Pap, Twain implies that it is impossible for a society that owns slaves to be just, no matter how ―civilized‖ that society believes and proclaims itself to be. Again and again, Huck encounters individuals who seem good—Sally Phelps, for example—but who Twain takes care to show are prejudiced slaveowners. This shaky sense of justice that Huck repeatedly encounters lies at the heart of society39。s speech to the mob that has e to lynch him accurately summarizes the view of society Twain gives in Huckleberry Finn: rather than maintain collective welfare, society instead is marked by cowardice, a lack of logic, and profound selfishness.
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