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、加速、減速。 3. 步進(jìn)脈沖。 畢業(yè)論文 14 第 五 章 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行控制 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度控制 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度控制是通過單片機(jī)發(fā)出的步進(jìn)脈沖頻率來實(shí)現(xiàn),對于軟脈沖分配方式,可以采用調(diào)整兩個(gè)控制字之間的時(shí)間間隔來實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)速,對于硬脈沖分配方式,可以控制步進(jìn)脈沖的頻率來實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)速。 2. 定時(shí)器中斷法 : 在中 斷服務(wù)子程序中進(jìn)行脈沖輸出操作,調(diào)整定時(shí)器的定時(shí)常數(shù)就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)速,這種方法占有的 CPU 時(shí)間較少,在各種單片機(jī)中都能實(shí)現(xiàn),是一種比較實(shí)用理想的調(diào)速方法。 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的位置控制 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的位置控制,指的是控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)帶動執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)從一個(gè)位置精確地運(yùn)行到另一個(gè)位置,步進(jìn)電機(jī)的位置控制是步進(jìn)電機(jī)的一大優(yōu)點(diǎn),它可以不用借助位置傳感器而只需要簡單的開環(huán)控制就能達(dá)到足夠的位置精度,因此應(yīng)用很廣。 2. 第二個(gè)參數(shù) : 從當(dāng)前位置移動到目標(biāo)位置的距離 我們可以用折算的方式將這個(gè)距離折算 成步進(jìn)電 機(jī)的步數(shù),這個(gè)參數(shù)是外界通過鍵盤或可調(diào)電位器旋鈕輸入的,所以折算的工作應(yīng)該在鍵盤程序或 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換程序中完成。 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的加減速控制 步距角和轉(zhuǎn)速大小不受電壓波動和負(fù)載變化的影響,也不受各種環(huán)境條件諸如溫度、壓力、振動、沖擊等影響,而僅僅與脈沖頻率成正比,通過改變脈沖頻率的高低可以大范圍地調(diào)節(jié)電機(jī)的 轉(zhuǎn)速,并能實(shí)現(xiàn)快速起動、制動、正反轉(zhuǎn)、加減速,而且有自鎖的能力,不需要機(jī)械制動裝置,不經(jīng)減速器也可獲得低速運(yùn)行。如采用位置檢測和速度反饋,亦可實(shí)現(xiàn)閉環(huán)控制。如果升速非常緩慢的升降速,步進(jìn)電機(jī)雖然不會發(fā)生失步和過沖現(xiàn)象,但影響執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的工作效率,所以,對步進(jìn)電機(jī)的加減速要有嚴(yán)格的要求,那就是保證在不失步和過沖的前提下,用最快的速度(或最短的時(shí)間) 移動到有可能指定位置。 圖 是加減速運(yùn)行曲線。最簡單的是勻加速和勻減速曲線,如 下 圖所示 : 圖 加減速曲線圖 其加減速曲線都是直線,因此容易編程實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是,由于步進(jìn)電動機(jī)的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩玉轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)非曲線關(guān)系,因而加速度玉頻率也應(yīng)該是非曲線關(guān)系。 畢業(yè)論文 16 采用指數(shù)加、減速曲線或 S 形(分段指數(shù)曲線)加、減速曲線是最好的選擇。 2. 中、短距離 在這樣的距離里,步進(jìn)電機(jī)只有加、 減速過程,而沒有恒速過程。 由于距離較長,要盡量縮短用時(shí),保證快速反應(yīng)性。 單片機(jī)在用定時(shí)器法調(diào)速時(shí),用改變定時(shí)常數(shù)的方法來改變輸入步進(jìn)脈沖頻率,達(dá)到改變轉(zhuǎn)速的目的,對于 MCS51 系列單片機(jī),其定時(shí)器屬于加 1 定時(shí)器。如果采用非線性加、減速曲線,要用 離散法將加減速曲線離散化,將離散所得的轉(zhuǎn)速序列所對 應(yīng)的定時(shí)常數(shù)序列,做成表格存儲在程序存儲器重。 32H~34H——存放絕對參數(shù)(假設(shè)用 3 個(gè)字節(jié)),低位在前; 35H、 36H——存放加速總步數(shù)(假設(shè) 2 個(gè)字節(jié)),低位在前; 37H~39H——存放恒速總步數(shù)(假設(shè) 3 個(gè)字節(jié)),低位在前; 3AH、 3BH——存放減速總步數(shù)(假設(shè) 2 個(gè)字節(jié)),低位在前; ——正轉(zhuǎn)脈沖輸入 ; ——反轉(zhuǎn)脈沖輸入 ; ——正轉(zhuǎn)按鈕 K1; ——反轉(zhuǎn)按鈕 K2; ——加速按鈕 K3; ——減速按鈕 K4; 定時(shí)常數(shù)序列放在以 ABC 為起始地址的 ROM 中。 程序如下: ORG 0000H JNB ZZ。 ZZ:INC R0 CJNE R0,06H ZZ1。 ZZ1:MOV A,R0。 MOVC A,A+DPTR。 FZ: DEC R0。 MOV R0,05H 。 MOV DPTR,ABC。 MOV P0,A。 CJNER0 0FFH,JS1。 DEC R0。 INC R1。 MOV B,N。 MOV R2 A。 ORL A,36H。 MOV R0 3AH。 CJNE R0,0FFH,JS4。 DEC R0。 DEC R1。 MOV B,N。 MOV R2,A。 ORL A,3B。 RET。 利用 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子的旋轉(zhuǎn) 帶動 所聯(lián)接的 絲桿的旋轉(zhuǎn),絲桿又帶動了 XY 工作臺 進(jìn)行 直線位移。再有,本設(shè)計(jì)過程考慮比較周全,系統(tǒng)中 不僅采用光電隔離電路有效地抑制電磁干擾以提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性 ,而且還可以方便靈活地控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài),以滿足不同用戶的要求,因此常把單片機(jī)步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制電路稱之為可編程步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制驅(qū)動器。 基于單片機(jī)的步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)性能優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的步進(jìn)控制器,具有相應(yīng)快,控制方便可靠等一系列 優(yōu) 點(diǎn),在機(jī)電一體化、數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換裝置、計(jì)算機(jī)外圍設(shè)備、自動記錄儀、鐘表、印刷設(shè)備等中亦得到廣泛 地應(yīng)用 ,發(fā)展前景廣闊 。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you ? your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case. If you are thinking about signing up for a damagesbased agreement, you should make sure you39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s actions. 畢業(yè)論文 23 CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it. 一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲??傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么,或者寫點(diǎn)什么。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。t really grow up, it seems is not so important。t want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can39。 Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time. 原來,這個(gè)世界上,對某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的,除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決,還有,時(shí)間。s time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a selfrighteous spiritual. 一個(gè) 人的時(shí)候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事,但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可,只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑,或者說,是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。 Those were broken into various shapes of stationery。 Have declared the end of the encounter that haven39。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫;那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙;那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼;還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃 …… 那些年那些天的非做不可,終于和青春一樣,都將在我們的人生中謝幕。ll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jump When he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound 690 mph (1,110 kph) in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him pletely. If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it39。t. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters). cause there