【正文】
架施工質量控制 原材料選擇 原材料的質量對模板支架的穩(wěn)定承載力具有重要影響,是安全控制的第一道屏障,因此,要嚴格控制施工中使用的原材料的質量。施工 現(xiàn)場普遍存在鋼管外徑、壁厚等不符合規(guī)定的情況,壁厚一般都不足 3mm,而鋼管壁厚偏差使其截面積減少,對立桿受壓承載力影響較大,因此,在進行設計計算時,需要先進行現(xiàn)場抽樣實測,根據(jù)實際測量結果進行模板支架承載力的計算。有條件的單位在使用扣件、鋼管前,應按照相 關規(guī)范的規(guī)定,按批次進行抽樣,到有資質的檢測單位檢測,不合格的材料一律不得使用。 施工方案 施工方案是模板支架安全控制的核心,其編制工作的基本要求是確保其設計安全,而對施工方案進行管理的核心要求就是對其設計進行嚴格控制。目前模板支撐體 系設計的主要依據(jù)為 相關國家規(guī)范以及國內外學者的研究成果。而不好的搭設質量會極大的降低模板支架的承載力,甚至造成坍塌事故。目前在施工現(xiàn)場對構造措施不夠重視, 嚴重影響高支模 體系施工安全,因此,要充分重視模板支架構造措施的搭設。施工管理包括技術管理、施工管理和組織管理三個分項。 模板支架坍塌事故之所以不斷發(fā)生,除直接引發(fā)事故的技術原因外,還有施工組織和管理原 因,管理者不顧安全的違規(guī)行為和錯誤決策是釀成事故的主因。在混凝土澆筑過程中,泵送混凝土時產(chǎn)生的水平?jīng)_擊力引起的誘發(fā)荷載和混凝土澆筑路徑不當導致受力不均衡產(chǎn)生的反力放大效應引起的等效荷載均會導致局部受力和變形增大,甚至導致局部坍塌,因此,在施工過程中要對混凝土澆筑過程進行科學控制。 ( 2)通過對扣件式鋼管高支模體系施工的現(xiàn)場調研分析,對鋼管壁厚、直徑、掃地桿高度、立桿超出水平桿中心線至支撐點高度、步距、剪刀撐設置、立桿垂直度等因素分析,得到各影響因素的搭設現(xiàn)狀,結合規(guī)范要求和分析計算,給出能夠保證施工安全和方便施工的取值范圍和搭設要求,為施工和設計提供參考。 ( 4)通過對比各種風險預測方法,確定采用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡進行風險預測。 高大模板支撐體系,未知領域還有很多,需要廣泛調研,加強試驗,以獲取更多的真相。 第 20 頁 致謝 畢業(yè)論文是對我們知識運用能力的一次全面考核,也是對我們進行科學研究基本功的訓練,培養(yǎng)我們綜合運用所學知 識獨立分析問題和解決問題的能力,為我們以后撰寫專業(yè)學術論文和工作打下良好的基礎。謝謝! 第 21 頁 參考文獻 [1] 梁仁忠.高大模板支架的可靠性分析及安全性評價 [D].北京:北京交通大學,2022. [2] 胡長明,劉洪亮,曾凡奎,等.扣件式鋼管高大模板支架研究進展 [J].工業(yè)建筑, 2022, 40(2): 16. [3] 梅源,胡長明,周正永,蔣明,王霞.高大模板支撐體系在結構施工期內所受荷載統(tǒng)計分析 [J].工業(yè)建筑, 2022, 40(2): 4246. [4] 李維濱,劉桐,郭正興.扣件式鋼管模板支架安全性研究與施工建議 [J].建筑技術, 2022, 35(8): 593595. [5] 趙滇 生,田興長,章雪峰,周鐵峰.扣件式鋼管模板高支撐架整體穩(wěn)定分 [J].浙江工業(yè)大學學報, 2022, 35(1): 7881. [6] 劉建民,李慧民.扣件式鋼管模板支撐架立桿承載力的影響因素分析 [J].工業(yè)建筑, 2022, 35(S1): 758760. [7] 謝楠,王勇.超高模板支架的極限承載能力研究 [J].工程力學, 2022, 35(S1) :148– 153. [8] 劉家彬,郭正興.扣件鋼管架支模的安全性 [J].施工技術, 2022, 31(3): 911. [9] 袁雪霞,金偉良,劉鑫,魯征,陳天民.扣件式鋼 管模板支撐方案的模糊風險分析模型 [J].浙江大學學報 (工學版 ), 2022, 40(8): 13711376. [10] 付修華,劉化冰,黃世紅.建設工程高 (大 )模板施工安全性分析 [J].安全與環(huán)境工程, 2022, 14(1): 111114. [11] 徐軍平.基于使用功能的模板支架可靠度分析 [D].上海:同濟大學, 2022. [12] 袁雪霞,金偉良,等.扣件式鋼管支模架穩(wěn)定承載能力研究 [J].土木工程學報, 2022, 39 (5): 4350. [13] 高雋.人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡原理及仿真實例 [M].北京:機械工業(yè) 出版社, 2022. [14] 王雪艷,梅源,歐陽斌. AHP 和模糊綜合評判在高支模體系安全評估中的應用 [J].建筑安全, 2022, (2): 1620. [15] 周繼忠,蔡雪峰,李林.高大模板支撐專項方案可靠性模糊綜合評價 [J].福建工程院學報, 2022, 6(6): 690694. [16] 金偉良,魯征,劉鑫,袁雪霞,陳天民.支模架施工安全性的評價研究 [J].浙 第 22 頁 江大學學報 (工學版 ), 2022, 40(5): 800803. [17] 金偉良,袁雪霞,劉鑫,魯征,陳天民.模糊灰關聯(lián)綜合評估在扣件式鋼管支模架風 險分析中的應用 [J].東南大學學報 (自然科學版 ), 2022, 36(4):621624. [18] 張小勇,胡長明,張創(chuàng)一.基于 AHP 法對高大模板支撐體系的風險研究及防范措施 [J].建筑安全, 2022, (3): 1013. [19] 謝建民,肖備.腳手架與倒塌事故分析與預防措施 [J].建筑結構, 2022,32(4): 7172. [20] 趙挺生,丁麗萍,唐菁菁,等.模板工程防倒塌設計與管理現(xiàn)狀 [J].土木工程與管理學報, 2022, 28(3): 107110. 第 23 頁 請您刪除一下內容, O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。。?Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the sevenday Chinese National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may bee more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and acmodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also mon that you39。s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it39。s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。s Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their homegrown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentine39。s Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. 第 24 頁