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aper。 (b) his/her perception of him/herself. 5. The group discusses the differences in perception which emerge, and the reasons for these. 練習(xí): selfdisclosure and feedback 目的 : 解除強(qiáng)加在自己身上的障礙 , 接收反饋信息 , 以信息共享方式精確認(rèn)識(shí)自我形象和知覺偏差 。每個(gè)人在每一張紙的上端 , 分別寫出組內(nèi)一個(gè)其他成員的名字 (包括自己 )。 ? 將紙交給組內(nèi)每一個(gè)相關(guān)的成員 。 ② 自己對(duì)自己的感性認(rèn)識(shí) 。 二、管理模式與溝通 management style and munication Four basic leadership styles: ? Directing 命令型 ? Coaching 指導(dǎo)型 ? Supporting 扶持型 ? Delegating 委托型 management style and munication Figure Four basic leadership styles ? Analytical skills 分析技能 ? Flexibility skills 變通技能 ? Communication skills 溝通技能 ? How to explain clearly, and concisely, the nature of the task. ? How to tell people what to do and how to do it. ? How to encourage people when work is well done. ? How to build relationships with your staff. ? How to share problems with them, and listen to their ideas and feelings. ? How to delegate effectively, so that there is a clear understanding of what problems people should bring to you. ? How to explain why you are behaving differently as a leader in a particular situation why,in effect, you are being consistent in your inconsistency! You will need to develop the following munication skills in using the four management styles: 運(yùn)用四種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)模式實(shí)施管理 , 同時(shí)必須具有 以下幾種交流技能: ① 怎樣簡(jiǎn)明扼要地說明任務(wù)的性質(zhì) ? ② 怎樣告知職員去做什么 , 如何去做 ? ③ 怎樣鼓勵(lì)圓滿完成任務(wù)的職員 ? ④ 怎樣與職員建立和諧的關(guān)系 ? ⑤ 怎樣與職員一起探討問題 , 聽取他們的意見 , 了解他們的的感情 ? ⑥ 怎樣有效地委托職責(zé) , 以便了解職員應(yīng)該向你提出的問題 ? ⑦ 作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo) , 怎樣解釋在特定環(huán)境中你的失常行為 ?實(shí)際上 , 你本身就是一個(gè)矛盾的統(tǒng)一體 。 最近你給她分配了一項(xiàng)新的工作 , 認(rèn)為她完全有能力勝任這項(xiàng)工作 。 (2)告訴她去做什么 , 怎樣去做 , 并設(shè)法查明她的問題出在哪里 ? (3)安慰她 , 幫她解決問題 。 EXERCISE2: What is your preferred leadership style? You have just taken over as a section head. Productivity was moderately good before you were appointed, but it has dropped now, so you want to introduce some changes in work procedures and assignments. Your staff have been uncooperative, muttering about how things were better under their old boss. What would you do? 1. Implement the changes and closely monitor performance. 2. Tell them why you want to make the changes, explain the benefits to them and listen to their concerns. 3. Discuss the proposed changes with them and ask for their suggestions for improved productivity. 4. Leave the group to work out for itself what it needs to do to meet its targets. EXERCISE2: What is your preferred leadership style? 2. 你剛剛晉升為車間主任 , 在你被提升以前 , 生產(chǎn)平穩(wěn)發(fā)展 ,但現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)量下降 , 因而你想改變工作程序和任務(wù)分配 。 你怎么辦 ? (1)實(shí)施變更 , 密切注視工作情況 。 (3)同他們討論打算改變的工作計(jì)劃 , 征求他們提高生產(chǎn)能力的建議 。 ? If you selected Choice l in each case, your preferred management style is likely to be ?Directing?. 命令型 ? Choice 2 denotes a ?Coaching? style 指導(dǎo)型 ? Choice 3 denotes a ?Supporting? style 扶持型 ? Choice 4 denotes a ?Delegating? style 委托型 However, your preferred style may not be the most effective in each case. 自我技能測(cè)試 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) : 非常不同意 /不符合 ( 1分 ) 不同意 /不符合 ( 2分 ) 比較不同意 /不符合 ( 3分 ) 比較同意 /符合 ( 4分 ) 同意 /符合 ( 5分 ) 非常同意/非常符合 (6分 ) 測(cè)試問題 : 1. 我能根據(jù)不同對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)提供合適的建議或指導(dǎo) 。 3. 當(dāng)我給他人提供反饋意見 、 甚至是逆耳的意見時(shí) , 能堅(jiān)持誠(chéng)實(shí)的態(tài)度 。 5. 當(dāng)我批評(píng)或指出他人的不足時(shí) , 能以客觀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和預(yù)先期望為基礎(chǔ) 。 7. 在我與他人溝通時(shí) , 我會(huì)激發(fā)出對(duì)方的自我價(jià)值和自尊意識(shí) 。 9. 我不會(huì)對(duì)比我權(quán)力小或擁有信息少的人表現(xiàn)出高人一等的姿態(tài) 。 11. 我的反饋是明確而直接指向問題關(guān)鍵的 , 避免泛泛而談或含糊不清 。 13. 我以 “ 我認(rèn)為 ” 而不是 “ 他們認(rèn)為 ” 的方式表示對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé) 。 15. 我有意識(shí)地與同事和朋友進(jìn)行定期或不定期的 、 私人的會(huì)談