【正文】 text intends to tell us that [A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern. [B] human height is being even more predictable. [C] Americans have reached their geic growth limit. [D] the geic pattern of Americans has altered. 考研英語 fuck my life 4 2022 Text 4 In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, Gee Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves. That‘s a far different image from the cherrytreechopping Gee most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. ① They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral promises made by the nation‘s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country‘s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it. More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create. For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was ―like having a large bank account,‖ says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: Gee Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. ② The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the ―peculiar institution,‖ including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation. And the statesmen‘s political lives depended on slavery. The threefifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803。 b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina。 d) none of the above. Anders Ericsson, a 58yearold psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in ―none of the above.‖ Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. ―With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,‖ Ericsson recalls. ―He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.‖ ④ This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not geically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person ―encodes‖ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on oute. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. ⑤ Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we monly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or puter programming–are nearly always made, not born. 21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to [A] stress the importance of professional training. [B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup. [C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance. [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others. 22. The word ―mania‖ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means [A] fun. [B] craze. [C] hysteria. [D] excitement. 23. According to Ericsson, good memory [A] depends on meaningful processing of information. [B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. [C] is determined by geic rather than psychological factors. [D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration. 24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that [A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success. [B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance. [C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked. [D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture. 25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? [A] ―Faith will move mountains.‖ [B] ―One reaps what one sows.‖ [C] ―Practice makes perfect.‖ [D] ―Like father, like son.‖ 考研英語 fuck my life 6 6 2022 Text 2 For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called ―Ask Marilyn.‖ People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old