【正文】 致缺氧的？ ?? 低張性缺氧與循環(huán)性缺氧下列哪項(xiàng)改變是相 同的 ?? 缺氧時(shí)氧離曲線右移在哪些情況下對(duì)機(jī)體有利？哪些情況下對(duì)機(jī)體不利？ ?? 大失血引起休克主要會(huì)發(fā)什么類(lèi)型缺氧？血氧指標(biāo)有何變化？ ?? 一氧化碳中毒如何導(dǎo)致缺氧？ ?? 試述慢性缺氧者組織細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)哪些代償性適應(yīng)變化？ ?? 以高原性心臟病為例說(shuō)明缺氧引起循環(huán)障礙的機(jī)制 ?? 試述低張性缺氧引起的代償性心血管反應(yīng) 18 / 21 ?? 試述導(dǎo)致低張性缺氧的原因、機(jī)理和血?dú)饧捌つw特點(diǎn) ?? 氰化物會(huì)導(dǎo)致那一種類(lèi)型缺氧？為什么？ 發(fā)熱 ?? 簡(jiǎn)述發(fā)熱的基本機(jī)制 ?? 什么是類(lèi)內(nèi)源性致熱源？屬于內(nèi)源性致熱源有那些？有什么特點(diǎn)？ ?? 試述臨床上污染了細(xì)菌內(nèi)毒素的液體輸入體內(nèi)，如何引起發(fā) 熱？ ?? 試述發(fā)熱的時(shí)相及其熱代謝特點(diǎn)？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述發(fā)熱體溫上升期，為何出現(xiàn)畏寒，皮膚蒼白和 “ 雞皮 ” 癥狀？ ?? 試述發(fā)熱機(jī)體的主要功能與代謝變化？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述發(fā)熱時(shí)，心血管系統(tǒng)的變化及其機(jī)制？ 應(yīng)激 ?? 試述全身適應(yīng)綜合征？ ?? 試述應(yīng)激時(shí)交感 腎上腺髓質(zhì)系統(tǒng)興奮的防御意義？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述應(yīng)激時(shí)交感 腎上腺髓質(zhì)系統(tǒng)興奮對(duì)機(jī)體的不利影響？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述應(yīng)激時(shí)糖皮質(zhì)激素分泌增加的防御意義？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述應(yīng)激時(shí)糖皮質(zhì)激素分泌增加的不利影響？ ?? 什么是熱休克蛋白？熱休克蛋白在應(yīng)激反應(yīng)中的作用是什么？ ?? 什么是急性期反應(yīng)？急性期蛋白有什么作用？ ?? 試述應(yīng)激時(shí)機(jī)體的代謝變化？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述應(yīng)激性潰瘍的發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ?? 試論應(yīng)激與心理障礙、精神疾病的關(guān)系？ 彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血 (DIC) ?? 什么是彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血？ ?? 什么是微血管病性溶血性貧血？是如何發(fā)生的？ ?? 內(nèi)毒素可以通過(guò)下列哪些機(jī)制引起 DIC？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述促進(jìn) DIC發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述促進(jìn) DIC發(fā)生發(fā)展的因素？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述 DIC病人有明顯出血的主要原因？ ?? DIC按發(fā)生快慢分幾型？各型主要特點(diǎn)是什么？ ?? 試分析 DIC引起休克的機(jī)制？ ?? 為什么產(chǎn)科意外的 DIC發(fā)生率較高？ ?? DIC的主要臨床表現(xiàn)有哪些？如何產(chǎn)生的？ 休克 ?? 什么是休克？休克分為幾期？微循環(huán)有什么變化？ ?? 試論 休克發(fā)生的始動(dòng)環(huán)節(jié)？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述休克的分類(lèi)及機(jī)制？ ?? 為什么稱(chēng)休克早期為代償期？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述休克早期的微循環(huán)變化特點(diǎn)及其發(fā)生機(jī)制？ 19 / 21 ?? 簡(jiǎn)述休克期的微循環(huán)變化特點(diǎn)及其發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ?? 為什么稱(chēng)休克期為失代償期？ ?? 為什么稱(chēng)休克晚期為休克難治期？ ?? 那一類(lèi)休克易產(chǎn)生 DIC ？如何產(chǎn)生的？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述休克時(shí)細(xì)胞損害的主要表現(xiàn)？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述休克時(shí)心功能障礙的發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ?? 什么是休克腎？如何發(fā)生的？ ?? 什么是休克肺？如何發(fā)生的？ 心功能不全 ?? 什么是心力衰竭？請(qǐng)?jiān)囀霭l(fā)生機(jī)制？ ?? 試述心室收縮功能障礙發(fā)生心力衰竭機(jī)制？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述心肌興奮 —— 收縮偶聯(lián)障礙的發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ?? 簡(jiǎn) 述引起心室舒張功能障礙的機(jī)制？ ?? 試述高血壓患者發(fā)生心力衰竭的主要機(jī)制？ ?? 一心衰患者入睡后突然感到氣悶而驚睡，被迫坐起喘氣和咳嗽，試分析其發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述心力衰竭時(shí)血容量為什么會(huì)增加？ ?? 簡(jiǎn)述心衰患者發(fā)生呼吸困難的機(jī)制？ ??? 你是怎樣理解 “ 心臟擴(kuò)張，增加前負(fù)荷 ” 在心衰發(fā)展過(guò)程中的代償作用的？ ??? 心衰患者常出現(xiàn)哪些水、電解質(zhì)酸堿平衡紊亂？ 呼吸衰竭 ??? 什么是呼吸衰竭？試述產(chǎn)生機(jī)制？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述肺通氣功能不足的發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述肺換氣功能不足的發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述肺通氣 /血流比失調(diào)發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述呼衰時(shí)的血?dú)庾兓攸c(diǎn)？ ??? 何謂功能性分流 ？試述發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ??? 何謂死腔樣通氣？試述發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ??? 呼衰時(shí)，可用何種方法區(qū)別功能性分流和真性分流？為什么？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述 ARDS導(dǎo)致呼衰的機(jī)理？ ??? 肺性腦病為何主要發(fā)生在 II型呼衰？簡(jiǎn)述其機(jī)制？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述肺心病發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ? 肝功能不全 ??? 何謂肝性腦?。糠制诩疤攸c(diǎn)？ ??? 試述導(dǎo)致肝性腦病的發(fā)生機(jī)制的氨中毒學(xué)說(shuō)？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述假性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)學(xué)說(shuō)在肝性腦病發(fā)生中的作用機(jī)制？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述氨基酸失衡學(xué)說(shuō)在肝性腦病發(fā)生中的作用機(jī)制？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述 GABA學(xué)說(shuō)在肝性腦病發(fā)生中的作用機(jī)制？ 腎功能不全 20 / 21 ??? 試論腎功能不全及發(fā)生環(huán)節(jié)？ ??? 試述急性腎功能不全發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ??? 失血性休 克患者并發(fā)休克腎，試分析其發(fā)病機(jī)理？ ??? 少尿型急性腎功衰分幾期？有哪些主要的病理生理改變？ ??? 試述慢性腎功能不全發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ? ??? 什么是原尿返漏？ ??? 何謂氮質(zhì)血癥？其種類(lèi)有那些？ ??? 試述慢性腎衰的健存腎單位機(jī)制？ ??? 試述慢性腎衰的矯枉失衡機(jī)制？ ??? 什么是等滲尿？什么是低滲尿？它們的出現(xiàn)說(shuō)明慢性腎功能衰竭發(fā)生了什么障礙？ ??? 何謂尿毒癥？是如何發(fā)生的？ ??? 試述尿毒癥腦病發(fā)生機(jī)制？ ??? 試論慢性腎衰時(shí)體液水，電解質(zhì)，酸堿平衡改變？ ??? 試論慢性腎衰時(shí)的鈣、磷代謝紊亂及其機(jī)制及對(duì)機(jī)體影響？ ??? 簡(jiǎn)述腎性高血壓發(fā)病機(jī)制 ??? 簡(jiǎn)述腎性骨營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良發(fā)病機(jī)制 ??? 簡(jiǎn)述腎性貧血發(fā)病機(jī)制 ??? 簡(jiǎn)述慢性腎功衰竭發(fā)生進(jìn)程 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that 21 / 21 China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 y ears. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。an. Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in X