【正文】
、民事、國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)和其他方面的規(guī)范性文件;另一類(lèi)為基本法律以外的其他法律,即由全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)制定和修改的規(guī)范性文件在全國(guó)人大閉會(huì)期間,全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)也有權(quán)對(duì)全國(guó)人大制定的法律在不同該法律基本原則相抵觸的條件下進(jìn)行部分補(bǔ)充和修改。( 3)行政法規(guī)行政法規(guī)是指作為國(guó)家最高行政機(jī)關(guān)的國(guó)務(wù)院所制定的規(guī)范性文件,其法律地位和效 力僅次于憲法和法律。( 5)規(guī)章規(guī)章是行政性法律規(guī)范文件,從其制定機(jī)關(guān)而言可分為:一是部門(mén)規(guī)章。盛自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府以及盛自治區(qū)人民政府所在地的市和經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)的較大的市和人民政府依照法定程序制定的規(guī)范性文件。(七)國(guó)際條約、國(guó)際慣例國(guó)際條約是指我國(guó)作為國(guó)際法主體同外國(guó)締結(jié)的雙邊、多邊協(xié)議和其他具有條約、協(xié)定性質(zhì)的文件。國(guó)際慣例是國(guó)際條約的補(bǔ)充。政策是國(guó)家或政黨為完成一定時(shí)期任務(wù)而規(guī)定的活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則。在當(dāng)代中國(guó),不采用判例法制度,判例不具有拘束力,不是法的正式淵源之一。 法律關(guān)系的要素 法律關(guān)系的要素主要有:( 1)法律關(guān)系的主體:自然人(公民、外國(guó)人、無(wú)國(guó)籍人)或法人(具有法律人格,能夠以自己的名義獨(dú)立享有權(quán)利或承擔(dān)義務(wù)的組織)(法律關(guān)系主體參加法律關(guān)系還有資格的限制,被稱(chēng)為權(quán)利能力或責(zé)任能力);( 2)法律關(guān)系的客體:法律關(guān)系主體之間權(quán)利義務(wù)共同所指的對(duì)象??腕w主要類(lèi)別:物、行為、智力 成果、人身利益;( 3)法律關(guān)系的內(nèi)容權(quán)利義務(wù)是法律調(diào)整的特有機(jī)制,是法律行為區(qū)別于道德行為最明顯標(biāo)志,也是法律和法律關(guān)系內(nèi)容核心 法理學(xué) 作業(yè) 4 學(xué)習(xí)心得(嚴(yán)禁協(xié)雷同,不少于 400 字) 學(xué)習(xí)心得的答案,由于作業(yè)要求可以是學(xué)習(xí)法理學(xué)的方法技巧,可以是對(duì)某一問(wèn)題的思考,也可以是對(duì)法理學(xué)課程的新認(rèn)識(shí)。其實(shí)只要做到兩點(diǎn)就可以了,一要是自已的觀點(diǎn),不與別人雷同;二是確保字?jǐn)?shù)四百以上。 通過(guò)參加中央電大開(kāi)放教育的法學(xué)專(zhuān)科《法理學(xué)》的學(xué)習(xí) ,使我開(kāi)始初步接觸系統(tǒng)的法學(xué)知識(shí),了解了許多法學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),并為以后系統(tǒng)全面地深入學(xué)習(xí)法學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)課程奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 民主和法制是既平實(shí)又抽象的兩個(gè)概念,我們幾近耳熟能詳,報(bào)紙雜志廣播電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)無(wú)處不現(xiàn)。然而,在生活中許多人對(duì)此卻有所偏頗,要么認(rèn)為想要怎么就怎么樣,幾近無(wú)法無(wú)天,要么是獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治,人們無(wú)任何自由與權(quán)利。通過(guò)《法理學(xué)》課程的學(xué)習(xí),我懂得了,民主與法制是辯證統(tǒng)一的關(guān) 系。因?yàn)?,社?huì)主義民主是社會(huì)主義法制的前提。現(xiàn)代意義上的法制,中心環(huán)節(jié)是依法辦事,人人在法律面前平等,反對(duì)超越法律的特權(quán)。社會(huì)主義民主是社會(huì)主義法制的一個(gè)原則。都實(shí)行民主。社會(huì)主義民主是社會(huì)主義法制的力量源泉。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,民主不斷完善、健全、發(fā)展。另一方面,社會(huì)主義法制是社會(huì)主義民主的保障。民主要得以存在、實(shí)現(xiàn)和發(fā)展 .需要法制加以確認(rèn)、肯定。社會(huì)主義法制規(guī)定如何實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義民主。同時(shí)也規(guī)定對(duì)行使民主權(quán)利的制約,保障人民能正確地行使民主權(quán)利。同時(shí),法制也是同官僚主義進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)的武器,通過(guò)這種斗爭(zhēng),保障社會(huì)主義民主。由此可見(jiàn),任何割裂兩者都是錯(cuò)誤的。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province i s the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large incr ease in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for acmodating industrial transfers from East China or the world at large, he said on Wednesday in Xi39。an, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, a trade channel established more than 2,000 years ago linking China, Central Asia and Europe.