工程管理專業(yè)英語中英對照論文-閱讀頁
2024-09-26 14:47本頁面
【正文】 al inputs will be updated, and, where necessary, changes in methods will be made resulting in a revised cost of construction injuries and fatalities. Because the results are very sensitive to several assumptions, the analysis will be made using a range of values for each key assumption, rather than just a single figure. DESCRIPTION OF METHODS AND RESULTS OF BUSINESS ROUNDTABLE STUDY In 1979, the BR, alarmed at the rising costs of construction, missioned a study to look into the costs of injuries and fatalities in the construction industry. This study concluded that accidents cost $ billion or % of the $137 billion (1979 dollars) spent annually for industrial, utility, and mercial construction (Improving 1982). These costs include both direct (insurable) and indirect costs of injuries. The study intended to show that, in addition to a moral or humanitarian mitment, owners have an economic incentive to reduce the number of accidents that occur on their construction projects. This could be acplished through the hiring of safe contractors because, directly or indirectly, owners must bear the costs of construction injuries. The study was conducted by a team of nine individuals experienced in safety and health issues, representing industrial owners, construction contractors, and the insurance industry. To undertake some of the research for the study, a team was selected from Stanford University39。 indirect costs of injuries and fatalities。 Compensation Insurance The vast majority (more than 90% in all industries) of WCI premium dollars e from experience rated plans (Workers1991), where the WCI standard premium is based on the formula Standard premium =manual rate X payroll units X EMR (1) To get the final WCI premium, a number of other factors may be applied to the standard premium. These vary widely from state to state and among insurance carriers. For more details, see Everett and Thompson (1995) WCI manual rates are calculated annually for each state for each of about 600 individual work classifications. Manual rates represent the average cost of accidents plus administrative costs and profit for the insurer per $100 of straight time payroll for each work classification. In the Stanford report, the seranged from 2 to 105% of direct labor dollars (Levitt et ). Payroll units are found by dividing an employer
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