【正文】 e better monability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, countries such as . , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on research and formulation of the systematic norm of structural numerical control of the open system (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ), 3 of world heavy economy carry on the same science plan and standardize formulation nearly in a short time most, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of the technology of numerical control. Our country started research and formulation which standardized the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2020. About the numerical control standard The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of informationbased development of manufacturing industry. Numerical control technology information exchange of 50 year born , to based on ISO6983 standard, adopt G , M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he can39。s basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of the technology of numerical control, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, there is greater disparity between current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level especially in industrialization. Though very fast from longitudinal development to watch our country, horizontal until (contrast with foreign countries ) , the engineering level has disparity, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, . the disparity of engineering level between some highgrade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the numerical control engineering level of our country and industrialization level. the engineering level, in probably backward 10 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in highquality precision and sophisticated technology. the industrialization level, the market share is low, the variety coverage rate is low, have not formed the largescale production yet。 Appearance quality is relatively poor。 Not setting up one39。 Numerical control technological application expand efforts to be better。 One that is to market unstandard, foreign blockade add strangle , system ,etc. underestimate while being difficult。 Set up intact related system , plete training , service work ,etc. of high quality support the system. . The bad mechanism causes the brain drain , restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. . Enterprises are indifferent in autonomous innovation in technology, key technology is engineered and indifferent. Lathe standard lag behind, level relatively low, numerical control system new standard study enoughly. 3 strategic thinking until technology and industrialization of numerical control of our country develop Strategic consideration Our country of strategic consideration makes the big country , should try hard to accept the front instead of the back transformation in the world industry shifts , should master and make key technology advancedly , otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, of our country manufacturing industry step forward the empty core . We regard resource , environment , market as cost, possibility got to exchange assemble the centre , but not master the status of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously. We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to the technology of numerical control and industry39。s living standard but also can relieve the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society。 Will not have cheap and products rich in the petitiveness without scale 。在現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)中，數(shù)控技術(shù)是關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，它集微電子、計(jì)算機(jī)、信息處理、自動(dòng)檢測(cè)、自動(dòng)控制等高新技術(shù)于一體，具有高精度、高效率、柔性自動(dòng)化等特點(diǎn)，對(duì)制造業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)柔性自動(dòng)化、集成化、智能化起著舉足輕重的作用。在集成化基礎(chǔ)上，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了超薄型、超小型化；在智能化基礎(chǔ)上，綜合了計(jì)算機(jī)、多 媒體、模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多學(xué)科技術(shù)，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了高速、高精、高效控制，加工過程中可以自動(dòng)修正、調(diào)節(jié)與補(bǔ)償各項(xiàng)參數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在線診斷和智能化故障處理；在網(wǎng)絡(luò)化基礎(chǔ)上， CAD/CAM與數(shù)控系統(tǒng)集成為一體，機(jī)床聯(lián)網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中央集中控制的群控加工。加工過程變量根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)以固定參數(shù)形式事先設(shè)定，加工程序在實(shí)際加工前用手工方式或通過 CAD/CAM及自動(dòng)編程系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行編制。在復(fù)雜環(huán)境以及多變條件下，加工過程中的刀具組合、工件材料、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給速率、刀具軌跡、切削深度、步長(zhǎng)、加工余量等加工參數(shù)，無法在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境下根據(jù)外部干擾和隨機(jī)因素實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整，更無法通過反饋控制環(huán)節(jié)隨機(jī)修正CAD/CAM中的設(shè)定量，因而影響 CNC的工作效率和產(chǎn)品加工質(zhì)量。 2 數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 性能發(fā)展方向 (1)高速高精高效化 速度、精度和效率是機(jī)械制造技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵性能指標(biāo)。 (2)柔性化 包含兩方面：數(shù)控系統(tǒng)本身的柔性，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，功能覆蓋面大，可裁剪性強(qiáng)，便于滿足不同用戶的需求；群控系統(tǒng)的柔性，同一群控系統(tǒng)能依據(jù)不同生產(chǎn)流程的要求，使物料流和信息流自動(dòng)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整，從而最大限度地發(fā)揮群控系統(tǒng)的效能。數(shù)控機(jī)床的工藝復(fù)合化是指工件在一臺(tái)機(jī)床上一次裝夾后，通過自動(dòng)換刀、旋轉(zhuǎn)主軸頭或轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)等各種措施，完成多工序、多表面的復(fù)合加工。 (4)實(shí)時(shí)智能化 早期的實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)通常針對(duì)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的理想環(huán)境，其作用是如何調(diào)度任務(wù)，以確保任務(wù)在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)完成?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展到今天，實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)和人工智能相互結(jié)合，人工智能正向著具有實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)的、更現(xiàn)實(shí)的領(lǐng)域 發(fā)展，而實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)也朝著具有智能行為的、更加復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用發(fā)展，由此產(chǎn)生了實(shí)時(shí)智能控制這一新的領(lǐng)域。例如在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中配備編程專家系統(tǒng)、故障診斷專家系統(tǒng)、參數(shù)自動(dòng)設(shè)定和刀具自動(dòng)管理及補(bǔ)償?shù)茸赃m應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，在高速加工時(shí)的綜合運(yùn)動(dòng)控制中引入提前預(yù)測(cè)和預(yù)算功能、動(dòng)態(tài)前饋功能，在壓力、溫度、位置、速度控制等方面采用模糊控制，使數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的控制性能大大提高，從而達(dá)到最佳控制的目的。由于不同用戶對(duì)界面的要求不同，因而開發(fā)用戶界面的工作量極大，用戶界面成為計(jì)算機(jī)軟件研制中最困難的部分之一。圖形用戶界面極大地方便了非專業(yè)用戶的使用，人們可以通過窗口和菜單進(jìn)行操作，便于藍(lán)圖編程和快速編程、三維彩色立體動(dòng)態(tài)圖形顯示、圖形模擬、圖形動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤和仿真、不同方向的視圖和局部顯示比例縮放功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。可視化技術(shù)與虛擬環(huán)境技術(shù)相結(jié)合，進(jìn)一步拓寬了應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如無圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)、虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)等，這對(duì)縮短產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)周期、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低產(chǎn)品成本具有重要意義。 (3)插補(bǔ)和補(bǔ)償方式多樣化 多種插補(bǔ)方式如直線插補(bǔ)、圓弧插補(bǔ)、圓柱插補(bǔ)、空間橢圓曲面插補(bǔ)、螺紋插補(bǔ)、極坐標(biāo)插補(bǔ)、 2D+2螺旋插補(bǔ)、 NANO插補(bǔ)、 NURBS插補(bǔ) (非均勻有理 B樣條插補(bǔ) )、樣條插補(bǔ) (A、 B、C樣條 )、多項(xiàng)式插補(bǔ)等。 (4)內(nèi)裝高性能 PLC 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)內(nèi)裝高性能 PLC控制模塊，可直接用梯形圖或高級(jí)語言編程，具有直觀的在線調(diào)試和在線幫助功能。 (5)多媒體技術(shù)應(yīng)用 多媒體技術(shù)集計(jì)算機(jī)、聲像和通信技術(shù)于一體，使計(jì)算機(jī)具有綜合處理聲音、文字、圖像和視頻信息的能力。 體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展 (1)集成化 采用高度集成化 CPU、 RISC芯片和大規(guī)?？删幊碳呻娐?FPGA、 EPLD、 CPLD以及專用集成電路 ASIC芯片，可提高數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的集成度和軟硬件運(yùn)行速 度。平板顯示器具有科技含量高、重