【正文】 靠性高或準(zhǔn)確性高。 (5)設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低。 (6)靈活、實用。 (7)自由度大。 12. 條碼技術(shù)在我們的生活中有哪些應(yīng)用？ 答：學(xué)生可以根據(jù)生活中的經(jīng)驗和對于條碼技術(shù)的認(rèn)識進行闡述。 (1)商業(yè)零售領(lǐng)域； (2)圖書館； (3)物流管理； (4)質(zhì)量跟蹤管理； (5)數(shù)據(jù)自動錄入（二維條碼） 13. 條碼識讀系統(tǒng)的工作原理。信號整形部分由信號放大、濾波、波形整形組成，它的功能在于將條碼的光電掃描信號處理成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電位的矩形波信號，其高低電平的寬度和條碼符號的條空尺寸相對應(yīng)；譯碼部分由計算機方面的軟硬件組成，它的功能是對得到條碼矩形波信號進行譯碼，并將結(jié)果輸出到條碼應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)采集終端 14. 沃爾瑪中國公司的信息系統(tǒng)簡介。沃爾瑪擁有 3000多家商店， 40 多個配銷中心。 2其次，通過物流信息系統(tǒng)，客戶或管理人員便于調(diào)整產(chǎn)能的營銷策略，進而達到產(chǎn)銷平衡。及時掌握產(chǎn)品或原材料的庫存情況及分布，提高了物流活動的效率。沃爾瑪通過電腦系統(tǒng)，將單品的當(dāng)前庫存、已訂貨數(shù)量、配銷中心送貨數(shù)量、建議訂貨數(shù)量及 Telxon終端提供的信息，一并提供給商店員工。 4物流信息系統(tǒng)有利于客戶優(yōu)化資源配置，開拓市場。 5 物流信息系統(tǒng)還可以加快供應(yīng)鏈的物流相應(yīng)速度?？傊锪餍畔⑾到y(tǒng)對企業(yè)的運營和管理有著非常重要的作用。 根據(jù)上述沃爾瑪中國公司的信息系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用實例，可看出物流信息系統(tǒng)管理有如下作用： 1實現(xiàn)商品零庫存。 2提高工作效率。 3達到商品產(chǎn)銷平衡。 16. 物流企業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的趨勢？ 智能化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和全球化是物流企業(yè)信息化發(fā)展的趨勢。物流作業(yè)過程涉及大量的運籌和決策，如物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計與優(yōu)化、運輸 (搬運 )路徑的選擇、每次運輸?shù)难b載量 選擇，多種貨物的拼裝 優(yōu)化、運輸工具的排程和調(diào)度、庫存水平的確定、補貨策略的選擇、有限資源的調(diào)配、配送策略的選擇等問題都需要進行優(yōu)化處理，這些都需 要管理者借助優(yōu)化的、智能工具和大量的現(xiàn)代物流知識來解決。因此，物流的智能化已經(jīng)成為物流發(fā)展的一個新趨勢。貨物的運輸配送、存儲保管、裝卸搬運 、分類包裝、 流通加工等各個環(huán)節(jié)中信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，都要求必須有一套科學(xué)的作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。特別是在經(jīng)濟全球化和貿(mào)易全球化的新世紀(jì)中，如果在國際間沒有形成物流作業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，就無 法實現(xiàn)高效的全球化物流運作，這將阻礙經(jīng)濟全球化的發(fā)展進程。在全球化趨勢下，物流目標(biāo)是為國際貿(mào)易和跨國經(jīng)營提供服務(wù)，選擇最佳的 方式與路徑 ，以最低的費用和最小的風(fēng)險，保質(zhì)、保量、準(zhǔn)時地將貨物從某國的供方運到另一國的需方，使各國物流系統(tǒng)相互“接軌” ,它代表物流發(fā)展的更高階 段。中國提出要走新型工業(yè)化道路，其實質(zhì)就是以信息化帶動工業(yè)化、以工業(yè)化促 進信息化，達到互動并進，實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。在這種新環(huán)境下，我國的物流企業(yè)必須把 握好現(xiàn)代物流的發(fā)展趨勢，運用行進的管理技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)，提升自己的競爭力和整體優(yōu)勢，提高物流作業(yè)的管理能力和創(chuàng)新能力，在走我國新型工業(yè)化的道路上努力。物流信息系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)從開始分析到最后的實施都必須結(jié)合企業(yè)的實際，達到及時高效 。在物流信息系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)過程中，要求按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、工程化的方法和技術(shù)來開發(fā)系統(tǒng)。由于物流企業(yè)的管理模式或企業(yè)需求有可能發(fā)生新的變化，在系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)過程中應(yīng)盡量達到模塊間的“內(nèi)聚大，耦合小”，讓系統(tǒng)能有一定的適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的能力。 A：有信息系統(tǒng) 39％ B：無信息系統(tǒng) 69％ 從上述數(shù)據(jù)可以看出物流企業(yè)的信息化普及率不高，多數(shù)物流企業(yè)還處于以往的人工作業(yè)方式。 A：遠程通信功能 26％ B：業(yè)務(wù)管理 37％ C：查詢功能 34％ D：決策分析 17％ 從企業(yè)的信息系統(tǒng)功能角度來看， 目前物流企業(yè)的信息系統(tǒng)存在功能簡單、功能層次低等問題。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters w ill travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, w hich w ill strengthen China39。an. Lou held a joint interview w ith 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interview s w ill be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as w ell as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in