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stem development. Generally speaking, in parison to the otherWIS users, the intrauser growth rate is low due to the fact that its growth is dependent upon the anizational overall humanpower growth rate. As for web presence and EC, most users are customers who cannot be specifically identified beforehand in general and whose identities can often only be inferred from how they choose to register themselves online. Thus, whereas marketing research may identify the market segment and identify potential customers, the real customers cannot be known until the web sites are actually open for business. One of the critical conditions for a successful business is when customers and visitors are expected to grow at a high rate in order to form a critical mass (Hagel and Armstrong, 1997). Extras are mainly created for B2B transactions。 therefore, information content, the user’s navigation processes and data filtering capabilities are prime system concerns. For users within an anization, how to create, gain access to and distribute knowledge is a prodigious challenge. Knowledge management is no longer a slogan, but rather a practical and integral part of knowledge management systems (Alavi and Leidner, 2021)。 Wild et al., 2021). “Relationship” or “munication” requirements are important not only in the work place but also for users’ personal purposes. Meeting munication requirements may range from simple munication facilities, such as or electronic forums to sophisticated munitybuilding facilities. Through an investigation of several munities, Preece (1998) suggested that online munities should provide users with a climate of trust, equality and empathy。 and the relationship between online users are the two paramount user needs that contribute significantly to increases to users’ satisfaction levels. “Transaction” is the main function for emerce and online munities mercial web sites (Hagel and Armstrong, 1997。 Rodgers and Sheldon, 2021). Consequential customer requirements, such as privacy concerns, trust, and convenience should be taken into consideration. Moreover, since intras or web presence are not for transaction purposes, there is no need to include this dimension for analysis in this type of situations. With the exception of studies conducted on emerce sites or virtual munities, “playfulness” or “fantasies” are two topics that have received scant attention in the literature (Armstrong and Hagel, 1996). Recent empirical studies have confirmed that playfulness, or enjoyment, is a key dimension of web design quality (Liu et al., 2021。 Nielsen, 1993). The same rule holds true for RA. Thirdly, the users themselves are the important resources for a WIS, not only for their contributions to the site’s content but also for their potential purchasing power. Web users are valuable in that their ments and responses could be systematically and effectively used in system analysis. Fourthly, SNA is useful in identifying informationrelated roles such as gatekeepers, opinion leaders and boundary spanners in an anization. It can be used to understand the patterns of collaboration of online munity members, and key munity members can be spotted, accordingly. Therefore, a system’s SNA may be useful for locating appropriate users during system analysis and improving ISD (Loughman et al., 2021). SNA a social science method that is extremely popular in CMC studies, can be used to draw on and measure relationships and flows between people, groups, or anizations. The nodes in the work are the people and groups, while the links show relationships or flows between the nodes (Wasserman and Faust, 1994。 Ibarra and Andrews, 1993). Four subsets of relationships: information, munication, transaction and entertainment works have been shown to be particularly important for WIS users.