【正文】 d on the structural ponents with high strength and stiffness. So Diesel relatively bulky size。 In addition, the engine crude, large vibration and noise。s advantages in energy and CO2 emissions. including the gasoline engine is no way to replace all heat engines, advanced highspeed small diesel engines. The European III emission standards has been achieved, the green engine that Many cars in Europe and the United States has now bee the new power plant, it can be predicted that China will see an increasing number of diesel cars. ICE is a heat engine. Usually can burn the fuel used to be in : gasoline engine, gas and other types of aircraft. Because the gasoline engine light, low noise and environmental protection, it won the public good reputation, Therefore anic in its national economy and national defense projects has been more widely used. Engine Heat Transfer to a large extent the key to the economic gasoline engine, reliability and other important technical and economic indicators. The gasoline engine load increasing today, the research gasoline engine heat load problems is very urgent task. High gasoline engine to enhance the development direction of its mechanical parts load and thermal load is increasing, and The gasoline engine and the cylinder sets of gas pression, bustion and expansion of the space, and to orient the Pistons, It39。 the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission. Body An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and fortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. Chassis The chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating part of a vehicle. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems. Transmission systems ― conveys the drive to the wheels. The main ponents are clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, final drive, and differential. Suspension― absorbs the road shocks. Steering― controls the direction of the movement. Brake― slows down the vehicle. Electrical Equipment The electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of the battery, alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator changes the engine39。s bustion chamber. The cylinder head carries the valves, valve springs and the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of the valve gear being worked by the pushrods. Sometimes the camshaft is fitted directly into the cylinder head and operates on the valves without rockers. This is called an overhead camshaft arrangement. Like the cylinder block, the head is made from either cast iron or aluminum alloy. Gasket The cylinder head is attached to the block with hightensile steel studs. The joint between the block and the head must be gastight so that none of the burning mixture can escape. This is achieved by using cylinder head gasket. This is a sandwich gasket, . a sheet of asbestos between two sheets of copper, both these materials being able to withstand the high temperature and pressures within the engine. Oil Pan or Sump The oil pan is usually formed of pressed steel. The oil pan and the lower part of the cylinder block together are called the crankcase。.It would have remained open for half of a plete 360176。. However, it takes some time for the valve to open to its full position. It also takes time for it to close tightly. Therefore the valve is opened before TDC (BTDC) and closed after BDC (ABDC). Exhaust Valve Timing If the exhaust valve opened at BDC at the beginning of the exhaust stroke and closed at TDC at the end of the exhaust stroke, it would have a duration of 180176。 BTDC and the exhaust closes at 17176。, both of the valves are open: (17176。 =3417