【正文】 t someone started the rumor. s why we say, history is always told by the victors. The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor39。s the author39。re happy to be the receiving end of them. may have negative influence on society. often hide good intentions in the messages.（3）How are rumors like trees? keep changing, just as trees change their color. are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth. rumors have gaps, like the space between tree branches. rumors grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk.（4）What does the underlined word viral in Paragraph 4 probably mean? easily spread acceptable easily defended. beneficial.（5）Which of the following may the author agree with? is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors. are often active in judging the rumors critically. should think about the hidden message of the rumors. told by the victors are usually better worth trusting.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了什么是謠言，謠言的危害，特點及怎樣避免謠言。根據(jù)第一段中的“In more traditional times they shook entire families.”；第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”；以及第四段中的“Another property of rumors is that they tend to bee viral.”等信息可知作者認(rèn)為謠言會對個人生活和社會造成混亂，作者對謠言是批評的態(tài)度。 （2）考查推理判斷。故選C。根據(jù)第三段中的“Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.”把謠言比作樹，新謠言的出現(xiàn)填補(bǔ)了最初謠言留下的空白。故選D。根據(jù)第四段中的“Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.”可知每個接收者同時又是信息潛在的發(fā)送者。這是在說謠言的危害，像病毒一樣容易傳播。 （5）考查推理判斷。故選C。6．閱讀理解 Recently, a team of medical researchers studied the links between describing psychologically painful events and longterm health. In one experiment healthy college students were asked to write about either personally disturbing experiences or ordinary topics over a period of four days. In the months afterwards, students who had chosen to show their inner thoughts and feelings in their writing visited the health center for illness much less often than those who had written about everyday topics. The researchers suggested that failure to face up to painful experience can be a form of stress itself, and can increase the possibility of illness. It follows, then, that actively dealing with a major shock makes possible its understanding and acceptance. The answer is not to suffer in silence. It may not always be possible to talk about personal problems, but writing them down will help the body to fight disease in the long run.（1）In the first experiment, the students who wrote about painful events ________. to suffer psychological problems sharing their inner thought and feelings less likely to seek treatment for sickness39。許多專家認(rèn)為將與令人不安的事件有關(guān)的思想和情感表達(dá)出來是十分重要的。所以從長遠(yuǎn)來看，不要默默忍受，說出來或者寫出來將有助于身體對抗疾病。根據(jù)第二段中的“In the months afterwards, students who had chosen to show their inner thoughts and feelings in their writing visited the health center for illness much less often than those who had written about everyday topics.”可知，在隨后的幾個月里，那些選擇在寫作中表達(dá)自己內(nèi)心想法和感受的學(xué)生，比那些寫過日常話題的人更少去看病。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。故選C。根據(jù)第三段中的“The white cells that fight off bacteria and viruses…”可知，白細(xì)胞是用來對抗細(xì)菌和病毒的，因此these invaders 指的就是細(xì)菌和病毒這些“入侵者”。 （4）考查主旨大意。然后通過兩個實驗證明，將內(nèi)心的感受通過說或者寫的方式表達(dá)出來從長遠(yuǎn)看會有助于身體對抗疾病。選A。7．閱讀理解 The documentary, titled Are Our Kids Tough Enough? focuses on five Chinese teachers who are sent to teach 50 UK teens at a school in Hampshire. The Chinese teachers use their own teaching methods but receive strong resistance from the students. A clip from the documentary online shows some problems, with Chinese teachers calling their students lazy and lacking in discipline, while the students say the high pressure and harsh teachers are driving them crazy. Yang Dongping, dean of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, says, The Chinese teaching methods are designed to strictly train the majority. Foreign teaching methods, however, are more natural and relaxing, and designed to inspire students39。transplanted39。Yang Dongping says, The documentary does reflect some problems rooted in traditional Chinese teaching methods. Nobel prize winner, Yang Zhenning, gave a very fair ment on this issue. He said the Chinesestyle education method works for most ordinary qualified students effectively, helping them reach high standards. However, it may weaken the training for highpotential outstanding students.（1）Why are five Chinese teachers sent to teach 50 UK teens? test the intelligence of the UK teens. help the school improve their teaching efficiency. do some practical research into the UK education system. test the effectiveness of Chinese teaching methods.（2）What39。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。故選D。根據(jù)第四段中的“由此可知，劃線詞意為“嚴(yán)厲的”。 （3）考查推理判斷。 interest in learning. Education methods are based on culture.”可知，楊東平認(rèn)為，中國的教學(xué)方法側(cè)重于嚴(yán)格要求，而英國的教學(xué)方法更為自然和輕松，旨在激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，教學(xué)方法是以文化為基礎(chǔ)的。故選B。8．閱讀理解 Westerners39。 back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. Herbs, are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs uscd1 their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical position and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. s winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(瘧疾）treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China39。1