【正文】 of both their front and hind limbs (肢體). This makes coordinating (協(xié)調(diào)) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or pletely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do. these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly lives on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.（1）Which of the following is the topic of the passage? A.Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.C.Ways in which bats move differently from birds.（2）Which of the following is a false assumption about bats that was recently corrected? A.They sleep upside down.C.They hide in tree branches.（3）The word it (in 2nd paragraph) probably refers to ______. A.B.the flying directionD.Bats might hurt themselves when landing.B.Bats can adjust speed before landing.Bats and birds land in different ways.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者用研究事實(shí)來(lái)證明蝙蝠在飛行及運(yùn)動(dòng)方式與鳥類完全不同。 （1）考查主旨大意。第二段用研究證明過(guò)去認(rèn)為蝙蝠和鳥類在飛行運(yùn)動(dòng)方面沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別是錯(cuò)誤的。綜上所述，可知，蝙蝠與鳥運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的不同是本文的主題。 （2）考查推理判斷。 （3）考查代詞指代。由此可知，此處的it指的是飛行的方向。 （4）考查推斷判斷。這種降落方式的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是蝙蝠經(jīng)常用力降落，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致疼痛。故選B。6．犇犇閱讀理解 Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem. An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park.d never have seen these responses if the park hadn39。 After the wolves were reintroduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in number. The population of bears and bison also rose and what was once a ruling deerwolf interaction is now more diverse. The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.（1）What does the underlined word anticipate in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.B.C.D.To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.B.To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.D.It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.B.It shows the plex relationships between species.D.The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.B.Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.D. （1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。故選A。根據(jù)第五段中的“To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy.”可知，拍攝紀(jì)錄片的目的是了解狼是如何對(duì)生態(tài)有益的。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。故這項(xiàng)研究的意義在于它有助于證明保護(hù)狼的重要性。 （4）考查主旨大意。故選A。7．閱讀理解 Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive. He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion. s main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fightorflight response. Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems. Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone39。s opinion? has the same effects as laughter. can be used to take the place of medicine. is better than any healthy lifestyle to health. can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.（2）What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones? can lower our blood pressure. will surely lead to heart diseases. can benefit us when we are in danger. will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.（3）Why does Dr. Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health? can make us relax. increases sugar levels. has little bad side effects. can happen for no reason.（4）What can be the best title for the text? Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議多保持微笑，他認(rèn)為微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。釋放出的化學(xué)物質(zhì)更積極。故選D。根據(jù)第三段中的“If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you.”如果你真的有危險(xiǎn)，這些荷爾蒙會(huì)幫助你。故選C。根據(jù)最后一段中的“If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone39。而且它可能會(huì)為每個(gè)人的心臟健康提供一點(diǎn)額外的保護(hù)。故選A。根據(jù)第二段中的“Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議他的病人保持微笑。以及結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容主要介紹了微笑能夠讓我們放松進(jìn)而有利于我們的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以選B。8．閱讀理解 The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also