【正文】 的空間很大。對于我市的住宅小區(qū)，由于空調(diào)的啟停與人的活動密切相關(guān)，這點與北方有很大的差別，所以空調(diào)設(shè)備不是住宅節(jié)能的主要問題。由于布局不當(dāng)而造成的部分建筑自然通風(fēng)不良的并不少見。許多建筑設(shè)計大面積的窗戶，而開啟部分的面積卻很小。自然通風(fēng)優(yōu)良的住宅，開空調(diào)的時間可以大大減少，空調(diào)的能耗也會大大降低。所以，小區(qū)的規(guī)劃和建筑自然通風(fēng)的設(shè)計，是與室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境和人們的健康有密切的關(guān)系，也是建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計的重要環(huán)節(jié)，而這一環(huán)節(jié)在我市的許多小區(qū)設(shè)計中或單體設(shè)計中被嚴(yán)重疏忽的地方。然而，在進(jìn)行建筑采暖設(shè)計時，設(shè)計人員不按照建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計計算所得的耗熱（冷）量指標(biāo)確定采暖（空調(diào)）設(shè)備的數(shù)量，甚至根本不考慮房屋建筑已經(jīng)采取的節(jié)能措施，仍然一如既往地按非節(jié)能建筑進(jìn)行設(shè)計，或者是有考慮，但不是按設(shè)計計算結(jié)果執(zhí)行，而是加以過大的保險系數(shù)。2）建筑外遮陽不合理。建筑外遮陽能有效地阻隔部分太陽光直接照射到建筑物的外圍結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是防止太陽輻射穿過窗戶直接進(jìn)入室內(nèi)，從而有效降低室內(nèi)溫度，達(dá)到節(jié)能的最終目標(biāo)。這并不符合設(shè)計的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則和節(jié)能原則。我市具有豐富的光、熱資源。同時，設(shè)計人員對新型的太陽能設(shè)施、設(shè)備的性能指標(biāo)及各類參數(shù)不了解、不熟悉，自然在設(shè)計時也就不會采用此類節(jié)能設(shè)備。同時，從方案設(shè)計開始到初步設(shè)計，工程師需要根據(jù)不斷調(diào)整的設(shè)計方案模擬量化建筑的能耗情況，計算空調(diào)和各類設(shè)備的裝機(jī)功率，比對各種影響因素，嚴(yán)格按設(shè)計計算結(jié)果執(zhí)行，最后提供最佳的節(jié)能設(shè)計方案。建筑外遮陽的設(shè)置與太陽的位置、建筑物的朝向都有著密切的關(guān)系。此外，擋板式遮陽、簾式遮陽、百葉遮陽等方式對于窗戶遮陽都有非常好的效果，但對建筑采光則有一定的影響。隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的不斷提高，建筑遮陽技術(shù)已越來越趨向智能化、自動化、高效化。傳統(tǒng)的實體構(gòu)件 水平、垂直和綜合遮陽與墻體相連，其吸收的熱量會直接傳遞給外墻，而且容易傳熱由空氣帶走并向上傳遞，但由于其它遮陽構(gòu)件的阻擋，反而容易產(chǎn)生積聚現(xiàn)象，在風(fēng)的作用下通過窗戶導(dǎo)入建筑室內(nèi)，從而不利于隔熱。目前較為先進(jìn)的雙層玻璃幕墻系統(tǒng)中，為了利于熱空氣的上升，其兩層玻璃幕墻間的空氣夾層往往是一個可連續(xù)的整體，即垂直方向上的間隔均為通透的金屬構(gòu)件，確保熱空氣能上升并帶走熱量。3）要合理設(shè)置遮陽板，避免影響室內(nèi)空氣的流動速度。實踐證明，由于設(shè)置了遮陽板，室內(nèi)風(fēng)速會減弱22%~47%。如實體水平遮陽板直接連接在窗頂，氣流進(jìn)入室內(nèi)后會上升，不利于房間中下部的通風(fēng)。而對于垂直遮陽來說，由于風(fēng)向是經(jīng)常變化的，所以固定的垂直遮陽板應(yīng)順應(yīng)所在地夏季的主導(dǎo)風(fēng)來設(shè)置相應(yīng)的角度，而更好的方法是采用可調(diào)節(jié)的垂直遮陽板，使建筑最大限度地適應(yīng)氣候的變化。結(jié)束語建筑節(jié)能是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，涉及方方面面的問題。本文專門把它們選出來進(jìn)行探討，正是為了集思廣益，共同探討建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計的新方法，在今后的設(shè)計中多研究、多嘗試、多積累、多總結(jié)，在有限的條件下將建筑功能與藝術(shù)和技術(shù)更好地結(jié)合，使建筑設(shè)計的各個方面都能體現(xiàn)節(jié)能的原則，努力創(chuàng)造低成本、高效率的節(jié)能建筑。s energysaving design main problems, bined with years of design experience puts forward some energy saving the Key words: architectural design。In the development of low carbon economy, energy saving and low carbon destined to be not open around the carbon building has gradually bee the mainstream trend of international construction China39。s urban and rural housing area reached about 53000000000 square meters by the end of 2008, our country should realize energy saving and low carbon target, if the industry is not as, at least half China39。s building power consumption accounted for 10% of the total consumption, energy costs over $80000000000, energy consumption of unit building area than the world39。s building energy efficiency is only 30% in developed countries, building energy saving of large problems in the design of 1)part of building energy saving is not the city of residential air conditioning, because the startstop is closely related to human activities, this and the north are very different, so air conditioning equipment is not the main problem of residential energy quarters of the most outstanding issue is in the stage of planning and preliminary design phase, according to the prevailing wind direction in summer are rarely residential natural ventilation simulation, and according to the results of the plot of the layout of improper part of the building natural ventilation are not building natural ventilation is not widespread architectural windows, and the opening part of the area is very to the lack of natural ventilation, air current not free, a lot of time need air conditioning, indoor air quality is poor, not only increases the energy consumption, and bad for the ventilation admirable residence, open air conditioning time cangreatly to less closed windows, indoor air quality is , the area of planning and building natural ventilation design, and indoor thermal environment and people39。s many small design or monomer design are serious negligence the same time, many of the buildings in the design stage, the architect on the necessary of building energysaving design, layout, orientation, shape, spacing, travel arrangement and wall, roof, floor, doors and windows and other enclosure structure, material selection, thermal indicators have according to national standard requirements were , in building heating design, design personnel in accordance with the building energy saving design calculated heat(cold)index to determine heating(air conditioning)the amount of equipment, and did not even consider building has the energy saving measures of as in the past, still according to non energy saving building design, or are considered, but not according to the design calculation results of execution, but to be excessive insurance results of such socalled energysaving building is put into use, different from ordinary building on energy consumption does not save or save slightly, but the effect is not quite apparent, that is often said that energy saving building energy energysaving technology, the construction industry on the sun outside the building are more and more exterior shading can effectively prevent part of solar light irradiation to the periphery of building structure, especially to prevent solar radiation through the window directly into the chamber, thereby effectively reducing the indoor temperature, to achieve the end goal of the actual design, designers often in order to achieve the shape effect and deliberately increase on the facade decoration board structure, these ponents as not from the sun into consideration, so t