【正文】 e to learn, ________? it ’t it it ’t it is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east China39。它有一定的語法結構和語調，用來表達一個比較完整的獨立的概念。英語的句子成分有：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等。句子的成分一般由實詞（具有實義的詞類）擔任。虛詞在句子中只起輔助和聯(lián)系作用，不能做句子成分。二、句子成分（一）主語主語是一句話的主題，是說話人要說明的對象，表示所談的是“誰”或是“什么”。英語里可擔任主語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式（短語）、現在分詞（短語）、從句等。The book on the desk is 。代詞作主語He goes to school after 。He has learned English for 2 。This is a 。數詞作主語Three of the boys joined the 。名詞化的形容詞作主語 The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting ，窮者愈窮。不定式（短語）作主語To read in the sun is bad for your ?，F在分詞（短語）作主語Smoking is bad for 。名詞化的介詞作主語The ups and downs of life must be taken as they 。The disabled are to receive more 。介詞短語作主語。從句作主語Whenever you are ready will be 。句子作主語。（二）謂語概說謂語是說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。動詞常分為實義動詞、連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞以及助動詞。實義動詞包括及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞后面要帶賓語。謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數”兩方面必須一致。（1）簡單謂語簡單謂語由一個動詞或短語動詞構成。如： He will drive to 。He had left when we arrived ，他已經走了。如： The game is very 。Li Ming is a good 。如：She can swim very 。謂語和主語的一致一個句子的謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱和數上保持一致，規(guī)則如下：（1）主語是單數必須跟單數形式的動詞，主語是復數必須跟復數形式的動詞，如： He is a friend of 。（2）兩個或兩個以上的單數名詞由and連接起來作并列主語時，謂語動詞用復數。He and I like green 。如： Bacon and eggs was 。B、有every或each修飾的單數名詞并列時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：Every hour and(every)minute is ，每一分鐘都很重要。（3）主語是單數，后面有其他干擾的成分如with, together with, along with, as well as, no less than, like, but, except 等短語時，仍和單數形式的謂語動詞連用。A woman with a baby is ing to the 。（4）當兩個主語由or, either…or, neither…nor或not only…but also等連接時，謂語動詞應該和最鄰近的主語一致。Either Tim or his brothers have to tidy the ，就是他的兄弟們去打掃房間。Not only the pupils but also the teacher is going to the ，而且老師也要去看電影。如：The police are looking for the missing 。Cattle are also 。如：The Chinese people is a great 。如：news, physics, politics 等。如：What’s the news? 這消息是什么？（7）由here和there引起的句子中，如有兩個和兩個以上的主語，謂語動詞通常和最鄰近be的那個名詞一致。There are three books and a pen on the ，一支鋼筆。這類集體名詞有audience（觀眾，聽眾）,class（班級）,mittee（委員會）,couple（夫婦）,family（家庭）,government（政府）,group（小組）,team（隊）,army（部隊）等。My family are listening to the 。（9）each和由some, any, no, every 構成的復合代詞，在意義上屬于單數。如：Each day is better than the one 。Everyone is 。如：English is spoken in many 。（11）表示時間、重量、價值、長度、距離等的復數名詞作主語時，把它視作一個整體謂語動詞用單數形式。Twenty miles is a long way to 。（12）a number of 與the number of 作主語“a number of +復數可數名詞”表示“一些”、“許多”的意思，謂語動詞用復數；“the number of+復數可數名詞”表示“??的數目、數量”，謂語動詞用單數。The number of workers in this factory is 。由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語、現在分詞（短語）、過去分詞（短語）、從句等充當。代詞作表語These sweets are mine, those are ，那些是你的。注：當人稱代詞作表語時，在口語中常用賓格，在正式文體中用主格。The girl is quite 。數詞作表語We are altogether 。副詞作表語Is your father in? 你父親在家嗎？ The meeting is 。They are at home 。The question is when to ?，F在分詞（短語）作表語What he likes is reading 。Are you excited about your new job? 你對你的新工作感到高興嗎？從句作表語The question is what we should do ?？梢宰髻e語的有名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式（短語）、名詞化的形容詞、現在分詞（短語）、從句等。Please open the door? 請把門打開好嗎？ Can you drive a car? 你會開車嗎？（2）代詞作賓語She often helps us with our 。All the students in our class should help one 。（3）數詞作賓語I like the 。I’d like to be able to 。The scientists may find out the 。（6）現在分詞（短語）作賓語Return the book to the library as soon as you finish reading 。He denied visiting her 。The mother asked how her daughter 。如：Can you give me any information on this matter? 你能給我提供這些事的任何信息嗎？ Write me a letter every month, 。如：Mather bought the handkerchief for you, not for ，而不是給我買的手帕。（五）定語定語是修飾名詞或代詞的。一般來說，形容詞、代詞、數詞、名詞或名詞所有格等作定語時通常放在被修飾的詞之前作前置定語；而副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語、現在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、從句作定語時通常放在被修飾的詞之后作后置定語。He said he had an important meeting to 。Mine si ，我的出生地是上海。Tom is their second 。名詞或名詞所有格作前置定語I do morning exercises every 。副詞作后置定語Who is the man over there? 那邊的男人是誰？Every night, the man upstairs came back ，樓上的那個人回來很晚。The book on the desk is 。現在分詞短語作后置定語The boy sitting at the desk is called 。（單個過去分分詞作前置定語）I hate to see letters written in 。（限制性從句）Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another ，它給另一輛車撞了?？捎米鳡钫Z的有副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、從句等。This is even better than 。I don’t quite agree with 。（2）名詞作狀語The coat costs 40 。Wait a 。（3）介詞短語作狀語She will arrive on 。They were glad at the 。They stopped to have a 。（6）從句作狀語She won’t e to work today because she is 。She has lived alone since her husband 。（1）時間狀語What were you doing at ten last night? 昨晚十點鐘你在干什么？ At that time, she was working in a 。注：如果句中既有時間狀語，又有地點狀語，則地點狀語通常方陣時間狀語之前。（3）原因狀語Because she was ill, Mary lost her ，失去了工作。（4）目的狀語In order to get into a good school, he studies hard day and ，他夜以繼日地苦讀。（5）結果狀語 The wind blew with such force that people could hardly stand up against ，人們幾乎站不住。（6）條件狀語I can’t do it without your ，我做不成這件事。（7）讓步狀語Whatever/No matter what I said, he refused to 。（8）方式狀語He knew the country around as he knew his own 。We are very 。（10）頻度狀語作頻度狀語的副詞always, often, usually, seldom, ever, never 等一般放在實意動詞之前，連系動詞之后。We’ll never forget your 。They are always late for 。He has never been 。She stood there, listening to the ，聽著收音機。賓語和賓語補足語（簡稱賓補）一起構成復合賓語，二者之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。如：形容詞作賓語補足語I made the room 。副詞作賓語補足語Keep the lights on while you are ，請開著燈。名詞作賓語補足語They named the child 。不定式短語作賓語補足語What do you want me to do? 你希望我為你做些什么事？The doctor advised Mary to have more 。如： I heard someone knock at the next 。現在分詞（短語）作賓語補足語I saw him ing last 。（叫別人修的表）When you talk, you have to at least make yourself