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所需經(jīng)歷的過程。其次,我意識到做成一筆國際貿(mào)易是一項很復(fù)雜的任務(wù),整個過程要統(tǒng)籌的事務(wù)很多,牽涉的部門很廣,操作的程序也很復(fù)雜。總言之,進行國際貿(mào)易的往來要耗費很高的人力物力。經(jīng)過實習(xí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)國際貿(mào)易的專業(yè)性很強,進出口雙方首先要熟練掌握英語以便進行良好有效的溝通,更重要的是,雙方要諳熟貿(mào)易流程貿(mào)易規(guī)則以及各種相關(guān)法律法規(guī)以減少貿(mào)易中的摩擦增強解決問題的能力,構(gòu)建雙方長遠(yuǎn)的友好互利的貿(mào)易伙伴關(guān)系。所以,國際貿(mào)易的特點對貿(mào)易參與者的要求是非常高的,要想在以后的職業(yè)生涯中在國際貿(mào)易方面有所成就,我還有很長的路要走。第四篇:國貿(mào)實務(wù)考試題型國貿(mào)實務(wù)考試題型 translation(10 points, point each) choices(20 points) whether the following statements are true or false(15 points, 1 point each) marks(10 points, 2 points each) the following questions(15 points, 5 points each) study(30 points, 10 points each)第五篇:國貿(mào)實務(wù)參考題 do you define international trade?International trade is the exchange of goods and services between is also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas are the reasons for international trade? Can you list some of them? Uneven distribution of natural resources, specialization, patterns of demand, economies of scale, innovation or variety of do trade barriers mean? List some examples of trade barriers in international barriers mean the restriction measures taken by , quotas, import license and foreign exchange control are all examples of trade do countries benefit from the international trade? Countries can get cheaper and greater variety of goods or services for trade can expand markets and promotes economic growth.Ⅱ.Translate the following Chinese words or expressions into international tradeworld tradeforeign trade overseas tradeeconomies of scaleeconomic growth foreign currency/exchangeexchange rate foreign/overseas/external/world market visible tradeinvisible trade balance of trade trade surplus/positive balance of tradetrade deficit/negative balance of trade trade barriernontariff barrierrevenue tariff protection tariff quota free trade Ⅲ.True or false trade is only the exchange of goods between trade with each other partly because there is a cost means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of rate fluctuations may create many problems for international in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its and quotas are the examples of trade can do business freely without regulations in international Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks with the best is the reason why international trade first distribution of resources of demand benefits advantages one country produces more of a modity than it uses itself, it will sell the left to other reason for international trade is called of scale of style of demand cost for the production will decrease if the goods are produced on a large is called of scale of style of demand following are the special problems for international trade except for foreign languages and foreign currency foreign laws customs and regulations risks cultural differences refers to an exchange of services or assets between trade trade trade of trade trade consists of the following except for services across national borders tourist expenses services across national borders exchange across national borders is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it balance surplus deficit barrier country has to earn ___________ to pay for exchange is NOT the example of trade barriers﹖ duties tax is the regulation of international trade at the global level? ACACADABDA Case Study 1買賣雙方簽訂FOB合同,賣方向買方出口一級大米300噸,裝船時貨物經(jīng)公證人檢驗,符合合同規(guī)定的品質(zhì)條件,賣方于裝船后及時發(fā)出裝船通知。問賣方是否應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)任?為什么?ANSWER: 賣方不應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)任。本案貨物的品質(zhì)問題不是賣方交貨不符合要求,而是貨物在途中遇風(fēng)險而受損失,且賣方在裝船后也及時發(fā)出了裝貨通知,所以賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。合同簽訂后接到買方來電,稱租船較為困難委托我方代為租船,有關(guān)費用由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。但時至裝運期我方在規(guī)定裝運港無法租到合適的船,且買方又不同意改變裝運港。試問:我方應(yīng)如何處理。按FOB條件成交的合同,按常規(guī)由買方負(fù)責(zé)租船定艙。就本案例來講,因賣方代為租船沒有租到,買方又不同意改變裝運港,因此,賣方不承擔(dān)因自己未租到船而延誤裝運的責(zé)任,買方也不能因此要求撤銷合同。試問:客戶要求是否合理,為什么? Analysis客戶的要求不合理,國為我出口大米的價格條件是FOBS廣州,即FOB船上交貨并理倉,買方承擔(dān)租船訂艙的義務(wù),買方租的船應(yīng)該適航、適貨,我方的責(zé)任就是將大米裝船并理艙,并無清潔船艙的責(zé)任。4中國B公司按每公噸240美元FOB Vessel New York從美國一公司進口200公噸鋼材。討論:這是什么道理?應(yīng)如何解決? Answer: 使用FOB Vessel New York貿(mào)易術(shù)語,說明有關(guān)貿(mào)易術(shù)語的國際慣例采用的是《1941年美國對外貿(mào)易定義修正本》,按照該慣例解釋,出口方不負(fù)責(zé)取得出口許可證和繳納出口稅費。在此情況下,可按48000美元開證,待美方提供有關(guān)出口稅捐及簽證費用憑證后另行支付該費用,以防多付貨款。但該批貨物運抵澳大利亞時,洋蔥已全部腐爛變質(zhì),不適合人類食用,買方因此拒絕收貨,并要求賣方退回已付清的貨款。此案例涉及CIF術(shù)語,CIF術(shù)語條件下成交時,買賣雙方的風(fēng)險界點在裝運港船舷,貨物在裝運港越過船舷以前的風(fēng)險由賣方承擔(dān),貨物越過船舷以后的風(fēng)險由買方承擔(dān);CIF合同典型象征性交貨,即賣方憑單交貨,買方憑單付款,只要賣方所提交的單據(jù)是齊全的、正確的,即使貨物在運輸途中滅失,買方仍需付款,不得拒付。6我方按CFR價格條件與客戶簽約成交某出口商品一批,合同規(guī)定保險由買方自理。因10月1日為我國法定國慶假日,2日又適逢周末,未及時向買方發(fā)出裝船通知,3日上班時收到買方急電稱:該輪于2日下午4時遇難沉沒,貨物滅失,要求我賠償全部損失?!钡?條規(guī)定:“給予買方貨物已裝船的充分通知。如果賣方不及時發(fā)出已裝船通知,買方無法及時辦理保險?!北纠校贤S訂明“保險由買方自理”但我方在貨物裝船后未及時向買方發(fā)出已裝船通知,顯系我方違反國際慣例,自然不能推卸責(zé)任。如賣方已結(jié)匯,賣方須將貨款退還買方。因為:(1)CIF合同是“裝運合同”,即按此類銷售合同成交時,賣方必須在合同規(guī)定的裝運期內(nèi)在裝運港將貨物交至運往指定目的港的船上,即完成了交貨義務(wù),對貨物運輸途中發(fā)生滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險以及貨物交運后發(fā)生的事件所產(chǎn)生的費用,賣方概不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。(2)CIF術(shù)語是典型的象征性交貨,在象征性交貨的情況下,賣方憑單交貨,買方憑單付款,而本案合同條款規(guī)定:“……如賣方已結(jié)匯,賣方須將貨款退還買方。因而,本案的合同性質(zhì)已不屬于CIF合同。這批貨物運抵目的港后,我方接到買方支付貨款的通知,聲明:因貨物在運輸途中躲避風(fēng)暴而增加的運費已代我公司支付給船公司,故此,所付的貨款中已將此項費用扣除。按2000年《通則》的解釋,按CIF條件成交時,賣方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙、支付運費,但賣方支付的運費是從裝運港至目的港的正常運費,因運輸途中的風(fēng)險而增加的運費,按照風(fēng)險界點劃分界線的規(guī)定,因由買方承擔(dān)。賣方根據(jù)合同裝船,并取得合同規(guī)定的全部無疵單據(jù)。在此情況下,買方可否以貨物滅失為由拒付貨款,賣方亦因此不能通過銀行交單托收? Analysis CIF屬象征性交貨(symbolic delivery),又稱憑單據(jù)交貨(documentary delivery),即使賣方在裝船以后至交單這段時間內(nèi),貨物發(fā)生滅失或損壞,只要賣方提交的單據(jù)符合合同要求,買方不得拒收單據(jù)或拒付貨款,而只能按合同規(guī)定付款贖單,然后憑所取得之轉(zhuǎn)運單據(jù),向責(zé)任方提出索賠,追回?fù)p失。10我方按CIF landed條件對外出口,并按規(guī)定提交了全套符合要求的單據(jù),貨輪在航行途中觸礁沉沒,貨物全部滅失,買方聞訊以“賣方需將貨物運到目的港并安全卸到岸上才算完成交貨任務(wù)”為由拒付貨款。交貨期8月。我方即電傳印度發(fā)出裝運通知。該銀行即通知印商提貨、付款,但印商以延遲交貨為由拒絕。此案例中沒有指明承運貨物的航空公司是否為買方所指定的,但即便買方?jīng)]有指定,賣方也可按慣例指定航空公司運輸(費用到付,即買方承擔(dān)),只要賣方在約定的時間內(nèi)(8月31日前,包括8月31日)將貨交承運人,賣方即完成交貨,買方需按約付費,所謂的延遲交貨不成立,買方應(yīng)立即支付所有款項。結(jié)果在裝運期滿時,國外賣方來函通知,無法租到船,不能按期交貨。這個案例涉及FCA術(shù)語問題,買方負(fù)責(zé)訂立運輸契約,指定承運人到裝運地點接貨,買方可以委托賣方代辦運輸事項,但此項活動的風(fēng)險和費用均由買方承擔(dān)。13某公司以FCA貿(mào)易術(shù)語出口布料一批,雙方約定最遲的交貨期為3月15日,由于買方未及時通知所指定的承運人的名稱、地址,導(dǎo)致該公司在4月20日才將貨物交給承運人。據(jù)此,買方向該公司提出索賠。因為本案中,買方收到貨物后,所發(fā)現(xiàn)的部分貨物的水漬,是