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目標(biāo)語言( Target Language) 1. I think sixteenyearolds should be allowed to drive 我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該允許 16 歲的孩子開車。 2. I disagree . I think sixteen is too young. 我不同意,我認(rèn)為 16 歲這個年紀(jì)太年輕了。 5. Anna is allowed to wear her own clothes. 安娜可以選擇自己的衣服。 7. - What rules do you have at home ? 你家有什么規(guī)定嗎? - Well , I’m not allowed to go out on school nights. 噢,我在周一至周五不能外出。英語中有“兩態(tài)”的說法,即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài),本單 元中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的 should be allowed 就是一個含有情態(tài)動詞( should)的被動語態(tài)。 2. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 ( 1) The office is cleaned every day . The office was cleaned yesterday. Compare active and passive: 動作的接受者 the office 成了句子的主語,就應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。 ( 2) 從上面例子, 我們可以看出,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為 主語+ is / am / are + being +過去分詞 再如: My car is being repaired now. Some new houses are being built near the park. 公園附近在建一些房子。 歸納 肯定句:主語+ be + 過去分詞+ (by ~) 否定句:主語+ be not +過去分詞 + (by ~) 一般疑問句: Be +主語+過去分詞+ (by ~)? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+ be+主語+過去分詞+ (by ~) 3. 被動語態(tài)的用法: ( 1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰,不用 by+動作執(zhí)行者短語 Such books are written for children. 這些書是為兒童寫的。 The cup was broken by David. ( 3)作客觀說明時,常采用一種被動語態(tài)句型 It’s / was said / believed / reported / + that ? It’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 據(jù)報道,這次地震中大約有三百人死亡。 注意事項: 主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意事項 從主動語態(tài)到被動語態(tài)的過程中主語、謂語動詞、賓語都發(fā)生變化。 注意主語的人稱及數(shù)的變化對 be 動詞帶來的影響。 5. 被動語態(tài)的幾種類型 ( 1)有兩個賓語的句子的被動語態(tài)(直接賓語,間接賓語) 常見的接雙賓語的動詞有 通常這種句子可以改為以“人”當(dāng)主語;和以“物”當(dāng)作主語的兩種被動語態(tài)。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) - Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. - He was seen to go into the office building. 英語中有“十大動詞”的說法,即 feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ,這些詞在主動句中,其后的動詞不定式不加 to,但變被動句時必須加 to. ( 3)含有短語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài) 不及物動詞沒有賓語,因此沒有被動語態(tài)。在變成被動語態(tài)時,不能去掉構(gòu) 成