外文翻譯--電鍋爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)-在線瀏覽
2025-02-06 12:03本頁面
【正文】 other peripherals on a single chip and testing them as a unit increases the cost of that chip, but often results in decreased cost of the embedded system as a whole. (Even if the cost of a CPU that has integrated peripherals is slightly more than the cost of a CPU + external peripherals, having fewer chips typically allows a smaller and cheaper circuit board, and reduces the labor required to assemble and test the circuit board). This trend leads to design. A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit, monly with the following features: central processing unit ranging from small and simple 4bit processors to sophisticated 32 or 64bit processors input/output interfaces such as serial ports (UARTs) other serial munications interfaces like I178。C) is a functional puter systemonachip. It contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM, program memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input and output. It emphasizes high integration, in contrast to a microprocessor which only contains a CPU (the kind used in a PC). In addition to the usual arithmetic and logic elements of a general purpose microprocessor, the microcontroller integrates additional elements such as readwrite memory for data storage, readonly memory for program storage, Flash memory for permanent data storage, peripherals, and input/output interfaces. At clock speeds of as little as 32KHz, microcontrollers often operate at very low speed pared to microprocessors, but this is adequate for typical applications. They consume relatively little power (milliwatts or even microwatts), and will generally have the ability to retain functionality while waiting for an event such as a button press or interrupt. Power consumption while sleeping (CPU clock and peripherals disabled) may be just nanowatts, making them ideal for low power and long lasting battery applications. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, and toys. By reducing the size, cost, and power consumption pared to a design using a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to electronically control many more processes. The majority of puter systems in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as automobiles, telephones, appliances, and peripherals for puter systems. These are called embedded systems. While some embedded systems are very sophisticated, many have minimal requirements for memory and program length, with no operating system, and low software plexity. Typical input and output devices include switches, relays, solenoids, LEDs, small or custom LCD displays, radio frequency devices, and sensors for data such as temperature, humidity, light level etc. Embedded systems
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