【正文】 They didn’t know whether Tom could e back or not . if/whether 引導(dǎo)賓語從句 表示 “是否 ” if/whether可互換 , 但 whether…or not 為固定搭配 . Who, whom, whose, which, what 和連接副詞 where, how, why, when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 . you know whose book it is ? tell me when we’ll have a meeting . you tell me why the train is late? asked who could answer the question. ?當 主句 是 一般現(xiàn)在 時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制 ，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態(tài)。 the sun is much bigger than the moon . Summer is after Spring . the earth moves around the sun. He told me (that) We kmew (that) The teacher told us (that) ?當賓語從句說明的是 客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真理 時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制， 仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài) 。 賓語從句三要素 引導(dǎo)詞 that+陳述句 if／ whether+一般疑問句 特殊疑問詞 +特殊疑問句 時態(tài) 主句為一般現(xiàn)在時 從句可為任何時態(tài) 主句為一般過去時 從句 一般過去時 過去將來時 過去進行時 過去完成時 語序 賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序 客觀真理時態(tài)不變 He asked Why are you so happy ? Why you were so happy ? Am I taller than you? if/whether He asked He taller than them. was 1. Tom said. He is reading a book. → 2. He asks me. Are they playing a game? → 3. Where is the hospital? He told me. → bought the pen? He wondered. → Tom said that he was reading a book. He asks me if/whether they are playing a game. He told me Where the Hospital was. He wondered who bought the pen. 注意：特殊疑問詞在句中作主語，變?yōu)橘e語從句時語序不變（時態(tài)應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化）。 I don’t know whether/if he will e or not. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. whether和 if的使用區(qū)別 whether后緊跟 or not時 ,不用 if. 后面的賓語從句不能用 if. He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus. 他問我是想乘火車還是坐公共汽車去那里。 Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time. 不管開車來還是乘火車來，他都會準時到。 . Whether he will e I am not sure. . He asked me whether I’d move to New York if I got the job. d. 雖引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但為了強調(diào) 賓語 部分，也可把 從句放在句首 ，此時只用 whether不用 if。 Please let me know if you need help. 如果你需要幫助請告訴我。對比： Please let me know whether you need help. 請告訴我你是否需要幫助。t rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是不是會下雨。 g. 如果 賓語從句為否定句 時，則只用 if不用whether。 I don’t know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是該立刻去那里。 ? 時態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)： ? 主句若為現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)隨句意； ? 主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)變過去； ? 賓從若是表真理，時態(tài)不變無質(zhì)疑。 ? That 連接陳述句，省與不省要注意。 ? 特殊問句作賓語，仍用原來疑問詞。 ? 所謂感嘆句，就是用來表達 喜怒哀樂等強烈情感 的句子。 ? 感嘆句一般 由 “what” 和 “how”來開頭的句子 “what”修飾 名詞 ， “how”修飾 形容詞和副詞 ? A beautiful flower ? It is a very beautiful flower. ? What a beautiful flower it is! A lovely cat ? It is a lovely cat. ? What a lovely cat it is! An interesting story book ? It is an interesting story book. ? What an interesting story book it is! A pretty girl She is a very pretty girl. What a pretty girl she is ! Simple conclusion: What+ a/an+adj.+n.+ it is/ she is/ he is… ? Delicious cakes ? They are delicious cakes. ? What delicious cakes they are! Beautiful flowers They are very beautiful flowers. What beautiful flowers they are! ?Exciting people ?The people are exciting. ? How exciting the people are! ?Simple conclusion : How +adj. +the+n. +is/are! What 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 ? what意為 多么 用作 定語 ，修飾 名詞 （被強調(diào)部分），名詞前可有其它定語成份（即：形容詞或冠詞）。 一般有三種形式，此時 what為形容詞 ，作 定 語 ，用來修飾它后面的名詞或詞組。如果修飾 形容詞 ，則句中的謂語動詞用 系動詞 ；如果 how修飾 副詞 ，則句中的謂語動詞用 行為動詞， How 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 有三種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。 ? How+形容詞 +主語 +謂語！例如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How hot it is today! 今天多么熱呀！ ? How+副詞 +主語 +謂語！ 例如： How happy they look! 他們顯得多么高興呀！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快呀！ ? How+主語 +謂語（陳述句）！例如： How he loves his son! 他是多么的愛他的兒子！ How time flies! 光陰似箭！ 表示同一意義時，感嘆既可用 what“ 引導(dǎo)，也可用 how引導(dǎo) ? ① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么熱的天氣呀！ ? ② What tall buildings they are!