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uch as poverty, less education, disease, hunger and bad environment. To solve these problems, not only will these developing countries take measures to develop their economy themselves but also those developed countries give much more financial help to them. 1. measure vt. 測定;測量;評估 【 語境領(lǐng)悟 】 ① The Index measures a country’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and ine. 這項(xiàng)指標(biāo)從三個方面衡量一個國家的成就:壽命、教育和收入。 ③ The government has promised to take measures to help the laidoff workers find new jobs. 政府已經(jīng)承諾采取措施來幫助下崗職工找到新工作 。 【 名師點(diǎn)津 】 measure在表示 “ 某物長 、 寬 、 高等 ” 時 , 為不及物動詞 , 后接表示數(shù)量單位的內(nèi)容 , 不用于被動語態(tài) ,也不用于進(jìn)行時;表示 “ 措施 ” 時 , 常用復(fù)數(shù)形式 。 【 歸納拓展 】 take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make. . . to one’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做 ( 衣服等 ) beyond measure 無法估量地;非常 , 極其 【 即學(xué)活用 】 ( 2020 句意:從 Sara還是小女孩時起 , 我就沒再見過她 , 她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變得讓人認(rèn)不出了 。 2. position n. 位置,方位;姿勢,姿態(tài);身份,地位;職位,職務(wù);狀況,形勢 【 語境領(lǐng)悟 】 ① The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. 英國排在第十三名,而中國則處于中等地位。 【 名師點(diǎn)津 】 在 out of/in position短語中, position是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不能用冠詞。 ① Can you find our position on this map? ( ) ② My husband has a good position in a government office. ( ) ③ She was a woman of high position. ( ) ④ He was lying in a very unfortable position. ( ) ⑤ The position is that we have ten miles to go and our car has broken down. ( ) 位置 職位 , 職務(wù) 地位姿勢 , 姿態(tài)情況 , 狀況3. figure n. 數(shù)字;體形;人物;身影;圖形 【 語境領(lǐng)悟 】 ① Complete the chart with figures from the passage. 用文章中的數(shù)字完成下表 。 ③ We must figure in occasional expenses in the budget. 我們必須在預(yù)算中把臨時費(fèi)用計(jì)算在內(nèi) 。 ① She waited, standing on the bridge, until his figure vanished in the distance. ( ) ② She does exercise every day to keep a good figure. ( ) ③ The movement is supported by key figures in the government. ( ) ④ The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers. ( ) 身影 體形 人物 圖形 4. make sure確保;查明;弄清楚 【 語境領(lǐng)悟 】 ① The most important goals are to: reduce poverty and hunger。 ② Experts examined Shenzhou Ⅹ spacecraft again and again to make sure of the safety. 專家們一遍又一遍地檢查 “神舟十號” 飛船來確保其安全性。 【 歸納拓展 】 be sure of/about 對 ?? 有把握 , 確信 ?? be sure that. . . 對 ?? 有把握 , 確信 ?? be sure to do sth. 確定做某事 , 務(wù)必做某事 【 即學(xué)活用 】 (2020 make sure后面的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時 , 由此可知應(yīng)從 B、 C兩項(xiàng)中選 。 5. up to直到,多達(dá)(后接表示數(shù)量、程度、時間、地點(diǎn)等的名詞) 【 語境領(lǐng)悟 】 ① The temperature went up to 24176。 ② He hasn’t handed in his homework up to now. 直到現(xiàn)在他還沒有交上他的作業(yè)。 ④ It’s up to us to give them all the help we can. 該由我們?nèi)椭麄兞?。 【 巧學(xué)助記 】 up to含義較多 , 記清這個短語的不同含義是解題的關(guān)鍵 。 【 即學(xué)活用 】 完成句子。全國卷 Ⅱ )—What shall we do tonight then? —______—whatever you want. A. Help yourself B. It’s a deal C. No problem D. It’s up to you 【 解析 】 選 D。 句意: ——我們今天晚上干什么呢 ? ——你來決定 , 你想干什么就干什么 。 6. make efforts努力 【 語境領(lǐng)悟 】 ① The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. 報(bào)告顯示:我們正在進(jìn)步 ,但是我們必須做出更大的努力 。 【 歸納拓展 】 make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth. /at doing sth. 努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遺余力地做某事 with/without effort 費(fèi)力地 /毫不費(fèi)力地 ③ Premier has said the government will spare no effort to save the miners. 總理說政府將不遺余力地營救礦工 。 【 即學(xué)活用 】 完成句子。 I’ll _____________to help them. ② 許多女士正在努力減肥 。 【 句式分析 】 ( 2) with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形式: +doing/done/to do 介詞短語 形容詞 /副詞 ① With the prices of houses going up so fast, we can’t afford a new house. 由于房價(jià)上漲很快 , 我們買不起一棟新房子 。 ③ The man sat in the room, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling. 那個男子坐在屋里 , 眼睛盯著天花板 。遼寧高考 ) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 【 解析 】 選 B。 句意:這對老夫婦經(jīng)常在晚飯后帶著他們的寵物狗在公園里散步 。 8. However, in other regions of the world, e. g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink. 然而 , 在世界的其他地區(qū) , 如東歐 , 現(xiàn)在大部分水是可以安全飲用的 。 ① This question is easy to answer. 這個問題很容易回答 。 【 名師點(diǎn)津 】 (1)常見于該句型的形容詞多為表示主語性質(zhì) 、特征的詞 , 如 hard, difficult, pleasant, easy, fortable,interesting等 。 (3)不定式在該句型中用主動形式表示被動意義 。 【 即學(xué)活用 】 Many graduates found a suitable professional pos