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mined initially and then as needed – 最開始時(shí)測(cè)定,然后需要時(shí)測(cè)定 ? Dynamic Linear Range relates to detector response – 動(dòng)態(tài)線性范圍與檢測(cè)器響應(yīng)有關(guān) ? Also consider preparation limitations – 也可以認(rèn)為是準(zhǔn)備中的限制 – Solubilities( 溶解度) – Extraction efficiencies( 提取率) – Derivitizing reactions( 衍生反應(yīng)) 35 What do we run as QC? 為什么要做質(zhì)量控制 ? It depends on:( 取決于) – Type of instrumentation ? 儀器類型 – Stage of Method Development ? 方法開發(fā)階段 – Type of analysis ? 分析類型 36 What do we run as QC? 為什么要做質(zhì)量控制 ? Stage of Method Development ?方法開發(fā)階段 – Validation( 確認(rèn)) – Verification / Qualification( 驗(yàn)證 /判斷) – Routine analysis( 日常分析) 37 What do we run as QC? 為什么要做質(zhì)量控制 ? Type of Analysis( 分析類型) – Assay( 分析) – Impurities( 雜質(zhì)) ? Limits( 限制) ? Content( 含量) – Identification( 識(shí)別) 38 Quality Data Required at Method Validation( 方法確認(rèn)所需的質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)) Data Required所需數(shù)據(jù) 稱 Impurity Testing雜質(zhì)檢測(cè) Assay Content分析含量 Limit限 Accuracy準(zhǔn)確度 NO YES NO YES Precision精密度 NO YES NO YES Selectivity選擇性 YES YES YES YES Detection limit檢測(cè)限 NO MAYBE可能 YES NO Quantitation limit定量限 NO YES NO MAYBE可能 Linearity線性 NO YES NO YES Range范圍 NO YES NO YES 39 Quality Data Required in Routine Analysis日常分析所需質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù) Data Required所需數(shù)據(jù) 稱 Impurity Testing雜質(zhì)檢測(cè) Assay Content分析含量 Limit限 Accuracy準(zhǔn)確度 NO YES NO YES Precision精密度 NO YES NO YES Selectivity選擇性 NO MAYBE1 NO MAYBE1 Detection limit檢測(cè)限 NO NO NO NO Quantitation limit定量限 NO MAYBE NO MAYBE Linearity線性 NO YES NO YES Range范圍 NO NO NO NO ? 1 – may be required when working in unknown matrix 40 Excellence on a Global Scale Review of Quality Assurance 質(zhì)量保證概述 We will cover( 內(nèi)容) Definition and Description of QA ? 質(zhì)量保證的定義和描述 Tools in a QA System( QA體系的工具) ? Proficiency Testing( 能力驗(yàn)證) ? Certified Reference Materials( 有證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)) ? Validated Methods( 經(jīng)過確認(rèn)的方法) 41 Excellence on a Global Scale Quality Assurance( 質(zhì)量保證) Quality Assurance質(zhì)量保證 ? Planned actions designed to provide confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled 為質(zhì)量要求得到滿足提供信心而設(shè)計(jì)的有計(jì)劃的活動(dòng) Quality Assurance System質(zhì)量保證體系 ? A set of processes applied within a defined structure to generate desired outes 在規(guī)定的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)產(chǎn)生預(yù)期結(jié)果所采用的一組過程 The good management of good science良好的科學(xué)良好的管理 42 Excellence on a Global Scale Quality System Components 質(zhì)量體系組成 Management管理 ? Plan策劃 Performance實(shí)施 ? Do做 Assessment評(píng)價(jià) ? Review評(píng)審 43 Excellence on a Global Scale 6 Pillars of QA/QC QA/QC的六個(gè)基礎(chǔ) Management管理 Facilities設(shè)施 Personnel人員 CRM’s有證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì) PT’s能力驗(yàn)證 Validated Methods經(jīng)確認(rèn)的方法 44 Excellence on a Global Scale Proficiency Testing能力驗(yàn)證 Provides external assessment of performance ? 為表現(xiàn)提供外部評(píng)審 Provides a basis for corrective and preventive action ? 為糾正和預(yù)防措施提供基礎(chǔ) 45 Excellence on a Global Scale Information Gained 搜集信息 Comparison of performance against an external standard ? 將表現(xiàn)與外部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較 Comparison against past performance ? 與過去的表現(xiàn)比較 Comparison against peer (petitor) labs與同行(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者比較) Identification of unsatisfactory performers識(shí)別出不滿意的操作者 46 Excellence on a Global Scale Types of PT 能力驗(yàn)證類型 Specific analyte/matrix bination特定被分析物 /基體結(jié)合 ? Mercury in fish( 魚中的汞) ? Benzene in air( 空氣中的苯) Field of analysis( 場(chǎng)地分析) ? Metals by ICP( ICP測(cè)金屬) ? Pesticides by GC/MS( GC/MS測(cè)殺蟲劑) 47 Excellence on a Global Scale Samples樣品 Subsampled from bulk supply ? 從批中抽取樣本 Discrete sa