lexicology-chapter7-english-dictionaries-在線瀏覽
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【正文】 es often consist of six parts: ① headword or lemma (n. 詞目 ), often in bold or some other special font。 ③ its word class (‘part of speech’)。 ⑤ its definition。 frequencydetermined order and logical order. Definition Examples are often grouped under numbers referring back to definitions or senses to show how the word is used in context. Examples In many entries there are related forms of one kind or another. The entry may include various idioms, phrases or proverbs. Usage labels indicate that a word’s use is restricted in certain ways. Related Forms and Usage Labels (標注 ) Regional labels indicate that a word is restricted to or characteristic of a particular geographical area, such as Australia, Canada, and the United States. Subject labels indicate that or word, or often one meaning of a word, is limited to a special subject matter, such as psychology, chemistry, or linguistics. Related Forms and Usage Labels (標注 ) . there are three kinds of labels include: formal, humorous, impolite, informal, literary, offensive, oldfashioned, spoken, and very formal. Subject labels include business, puter, journalism, legal, linguistics, medical, science, and technical. Regional labels include BrE, AmE, mainly Am E, Australian, Canadian, Caribbean, East African, Indian, Irish, New Zealand, Scottish, South African, Welsh, and West African. Related Forms and Usage Labels (標注 ) Dictionaries may include pictorial (a. 繪畫的，形象化的 ) illustrations. These illustrations provide a visual support for the definition of a word. They can help clarify the semantic description and distinguish the meaning differences among meanings of some words. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (seventh edition) has 2,000 words illustrated. Illustrations Many dictionaries provide a wide variety of supplementary information, either in the body, in special prefatory sections, or appendixes. Topics that may be covered include abbreviations, punctuation, pronunciation, names of people and places, style, special signs and symbols, forms of address, irregular verbs, weights and measures, defining vocabulary, grammar, academic writing, word formation, and so on. Supplementary Matter Corpus work in English began in the 1960s with the development of the Survey of English Usage and the Brown University Corpus. By 1990s lexicographers could draw on massive resources such as the British National Corpus, the International Corpus of English, and the Bank of English. With the help of corpora, the frequency of use can be worked out, and the different meanings of a word can be described and classified by inspecting how the word is actually used. The use of corpora not only allows the lexicographers to get reliable information about the relative frequency of occurrence of words and senses, but more importantly to obtain data, in the form of concordances, for deciding on the senses and meaning of words. The updating of dictionaries can now be done on disks
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