【正文】 下原來的25%)。有人做過一個實驗，兩組學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一段課文，甲組在學(xué)習(xí)后不久進(jìn)行一次復(fù)習(xí)，乙組不予復(fù)習(xí)，一天后甲組保持98%，乙組保持56%；一周后甲組保持83%，乙組保持33%。 二、不同性質(zhì)材料有不同的遺忘曲線 而且，艾賓浩斯還在關(guān)于記憶的實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)，記住12個無意義音節(jié)，；為了記住36個無意義章節(jié)，需重復(fù)54次；而記憶六首詩中的480個音節(jié)，平均只需要重復(fù)8次！這個實驗告訴我們，凡是理解了的知識，就能記得迅速、全面而牢固。因此，比較容易記憶的是那些有意義的材料，而那些無意義的材料在記憶的時候比較費力氣，在以后回憶起來的時候也很不輕松。 因此，艾賓浩斯的實驗向我們充分證實了一個道理，學(xué)習(xí)要勤于復(fù)習(xí)，而且記憶的理解效果越好，遺忘的也越慢。此記憶曲線并不考慮接受試驗個人的個性特點，而是尋求一種處于平衡點的記憶規(guī)律。規(guī)律對于自然人改造世界的行為，只能起一個催化的作用，如果與每個人的記憶特點相吻合，那么就如順?biāo)畵P帆，一日千里；如果與個人記憶特點相悖，記憶效果則會大打折扣。一般地說，英語學(xué)習(xí)的原則是聽、說領(lǐng)先，讀、寫跟上。鐘道隆教授45歲開始學(xué)英語，一年后，學(xué)成出國當(dāng)口語翻譯，并創(chuàng)造了逆苦惱、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向?qū)W習(xí)英語的方法。尤其是他的學(xué)習(xí)精神最可佳，他學(xué)習(xí)英語用壞了十幾臺錄音機，你可想象他聽了多少英語；用完的圓珠筆芯幾乎裝滿了一個一拉罐，你可想象他寫了多少，在一年半內(nèi)，累計業(yè)余學(xué)習(xí)英語時間大約三千小時，也就說每天抽出幾個小時來學(xué)英語。最重要的是堅持，只要能下定決心，堅持每天至少一個小時的學(xué)習(xí)英語，戰(zhàn)勝自我最后肯定會有收獲的。要把基礎(chǔ)知識掌握好，也就是說，發(fā)音要正確、基本詞匯要掌握牢、基本句式要熟練、基本語法要會用。把每一個音標(biāo)發(fā)正確，注意改正有問題的音素，特別是那些容易混淆的音素，盡早地掌握國際音標(biāo)，并盡量的掌握一些讀音規(guī)則，盡快地能利用讀音規(guī)則來拼單詞，掌握讀音規(guī)則對單詞的記憶和拼寫非常有用。對于學(xué)習(xí)者來說掌握英語詞匯是一難關(guān)，學(xué)習(xí)單詞要從單詞的形、音、義這三方面去掌握，要注意單詞的一詞多義，一詞多類的用法，要學(xué)會一些構(gòu)詞法的知識，來擴展詞匯量。堅持在讀、說前，先反復(fù)聽，聽的時候反應(yīng)單詞、句子的意思和節(jié)奏，想一下單詞的拼法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)。 （3）掌握好基本語法。總之學(xué)習(xí)英語要通過聽、說、讀、寫、譯來進(jìn)行操練，不但要注意數(shù)量，更重要的是要注意質(zhì)量，尤其是基本知識要掌握的準(zhǔn)確，熟練。 提前預(yù)習(xí)，有的放矢 作為學(xué)生，在每次上課前，都要對要學(xué)的課文提前預(yù)習(xí)。借助課文的注釋或輔導(dǎo)材料，預(yù)習(xí)一遍課文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有數(shù)，在教師講課時注意聽這些地方。 認(rèn)真聽課，積極配合 課堂是老師與學(xué)生一起學(xué)習(xí)、掌握、運用知識的主要場所。上課要專心聽講、作好筆記、認(rèn)真操練、積極思考?？傊?，上課時要做到耳聽、眼觀、嘴動、腦想，調(diào)動起多個感官來。做作業(yè)時一定不要看參考書上題的答案，做完后再對答案，對于作業(yè)中所出現(xiàn)的不明白的問題，應(yīng)該記下來，等下次上課時提出來?？傊龃罅康木毩?xí)，英語是練出來的， 一定不要偷懶。更不必因為有遺忘現(xiàn)象而影響自己學(xué)好英語的信心與決心。善于類比，總結(jié)知識，把新學(xué)的知識同過去學(xué)的有關(guān)的知識進(jìn)行橫向和縱向比較和聯(lián)系。我們大部分知識和技能是靠重復(fù)獲得的，及時復(fù)習(xí)對于記憶非常必要，學(xué)英語就是要堅持天天不斷的練，不斷地重復(fù)基本句型，常用詞匯和基本語法等。 總而言之，只要你能做到下定決心學(xué)，注意學(xué)習(xí)方法，把課前預(yù)習(xí)，認(rèn)真聽課，完成作業(yè)，及時復(fù)習(xí)這些環(huán)節(jié)作好了，你一定能夠?qū)W好英語　新視野大學(xué)英語聽說教程第一單元原文和答案Understanding wordsTask1：insight；embarrassing；frustrating；access；virtual； minimum；positive；mitment；benefit；gapTask2：rewarding；environment；participate；required；medium； access；mitment；frustration。 insightsUnderstanding sentencesTask1: 1. The teacher told us where to buy our textbooks.2. The text was explained to Mary and Jack yesterday.3. Our monitor forgot the name of the actor appearing in the film.4. Last week, Dr. Brown went to Washington by train in order attend a school meeting there.5. She hasn39。d like to take an online course.7. John used to be a student in New York.8. Jack isn39。d like to see the professor as soon as possible.10. Jack told my sister the way to the Chairman39。t trade my experience with English learning for anything in the world.10. I can39。s job in order to attend school full time. Part time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, usually lasts a long period of time, As a result, many people find it almost impossible to plete a degree program. In addition, such programs require a fixed time, which can produce some bad effects on one39。s world. The time required to study can be fixed according to the students39。 help through the online course, by telephone and over the Internet. Good distance learning programs have a lot of benefits. For example, students don39。 What is one of the major benefits that distance learning offers to the students?3. How many benefits of good distance learning programs are mentioned in the talk?4. How can a business benefit from distance learning programs according to the speaker?5. What benefit does distance learning bring to a worker in a business according to the speaker?Key: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. TPassage two In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to get over the fear of making mistakes. If the major goal of language use is munication, the mistakes are second in importance and may be dealt with bit by bit as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may notice how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions are different from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Chinese speaker who has been saying I39。Tll do it, when they mean right now. The resulting gap can serve as a base for the student to change his way of using the present form in English. But a student who is unwilling to municate in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn better.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard, c6. What does the speaker mainly discuss in the talk?7. How can language learners reduce the number of their mistakes?8. What will happen to foreign language learners who do not municate with native speakers?9. Why shouldn39。s mon that many students who are bad speakers of English can write English perfectly. This proves that they are unable to think about their ideas in English. The center of the problem is that they lack practice and positive belief in themselves. Why should you be afraid? Do you fear those native speakers with whom you are speaking? Don39。s main job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves. It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to remember some facts or a formula. It is quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. But it is very difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem. Great scientists before us didn39。t even finish junior school. He made so many things for us. These scientists were so successful, but their teachers only showed them the way. The reason for their success was that they knew how to study. They read books that were not taught at school. They would ask many questions as they read. They did thousands of experiments. They worked hard ail their lives, wasting not a single moment. Most important was that they knew how to use their brains. Kay: 6. C Passage three When you are reading something in English, you may often e across a new word. What39。ll use it as often as possible in your English learning.Key: 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C新視野大學(xué)英語聽說教程第二單元原文和答案Understanding wordsTask1：1. . annoy 2. blast 3. offensive 4. powerful 5. disgusting6. definitely 7. horrible 8. rhythm 9. disturb 10.