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eecutcutcutdodiddonedrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardknowknewknownleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademademeetmetmetputputputreadreadreadrideroderiddenring rangrungriseroserisenrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetshutshutshutsingsangsungsitsatsatsleepsleptsleptspeakspokespokenspendspentspentstandstoodstoodswimswamswumsweepsweptswepttaketooktakenteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwearworewornwritewrotewritten現(xiàn)在分詞加ing的規(guī)則 現(xiàn)在分詞加ing的規(guī)則 如:starting,working, ing, sitting 等都是現(xiàn)在分詞。 (1)直接在謂語動詞后加ing. 例如:going, starting, working. (2)去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的e,再加ing. 例如 leaving,dining. 注意:如果單詞結尾的e發(fā)音,則不能去掉,也直接加ing. 例如:see seeing/agree agreeing . 另外,有少數(shù)動詞比較特殊,請用心記?。豪纾簂ie lying/die dying/tie tying/piic piicking. (3) 對于重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫末尾字母再加ing. 例如:sitting, beginning. 這一條規(guī)律,必須要弄清什么是“重讀閉音節(jié)”。 動詞不定式作主語時,句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù),其位置有以下兩種: 如: (2)用it作形式主語,把真正的主語不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。 ①It+be+名詞+to do s our duty to take good care of the old. How long did it take you to finish the work? It is difficult for us to finish writing the positionin a quarter of an hour. It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. It seemed impossible to save money. 在不定式前的sb,可看作其邏輯主語。skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English. Learning without practice is no good. 如: s +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing… s no good reading in dim light. s no use sitting here waiting. s+形容詞+doing s dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. simportant for you to keep fit. There is no saying what will happen next. s impossible to…結構。 ⒊動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別 如: s no good eating too much fat. s no good for you to eat so much fat. 如: s no use your pretending that you didn39。 二、作賓語 ①以下動詞后,只能跟不定式作賓語。如: I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot. 如: He feels it his duty to help the poor. 在這種句型中,如介詞前有動詞do,后面應接不帶to的不定式;如無do,則接to不定式,即帶do不帶to, 帶to不帶do。 The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. ⒉動名詞作賓語 t mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。 I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. ②動名詞作介詞的賓語 What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 如:begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。 在need,require,want后接ing形式,表示被動意義,也可接不定式,但要用被動形式,如:Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未來事件,接動名詞表示目前 正在進行的活動或一般的行為。 在下列情況下,一般要用不定式: d like to have a cup of coffee. ③begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動詞連用時,如:I soon began to understand what ⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語,或帶不定式作賓語補足語。 Our teachers don39。 Our teachers don39。 ⒌部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時,意義差別較大,應根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。 ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作,接動名詞表示動作已經發(fā)生。 Don39。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? I remember writing him a letter a year ago. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. doing 意味著…… This means wasting a lot of money. doing 試著做某事 Try working out the physics problem in another way. doing 停止做某事 You39。 ⑤can39。 to do不能幫助干…… t help jumping up at the news. t help to make up the room for you. doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事,指同一動作的繼續(xù) ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world. doing停下某事 s time to leave off talking and to start acting. 三、做表語 ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. 當主語和表語都是不定式時,其含義一是條件,一是結果(例①)。 ⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper. ④⑤句動名詞作表語,與主語部分可以轉換,如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作 表語,說明主語的性質、狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征,另外,動名詞作表語還應與進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開 來。 四、作定語 不定式在句中作定語,置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。 ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ③Do you have anything to say on the question? ⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last. (1)表示將來的動作(例①)。 (2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系,如是不及物動詞,則需加介詞(例④)。 (3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系,同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關系時,盡管有被動含義,卻仍 用主動語態(tài)(例③);如只有動賓關系,而無邏輯上的主謂關系,則需用被動語態(tài)(例②)。 (4)不定式作定語時,一般可轉換為定語從句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。 ⒉動名詞作定語 ②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. ①②句動名詞作定語說明一種性能,即:用來……的;第③句為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,單個分詞作定語常置于 被修飾詞之前,與被修飾詞之間,可構成邏輯上的主謂關系,分詞短語作定語常置于被修飾詞之后。 五、不定式作補足語 一些及物動詞除要求按賓語外,有時還需要有賓語補足語,說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、特征,這時意思才相 對完整。 (1)常要求不定式作賓補的動詞有:allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive(強迫),encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。 ①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? (2)部分動詞后常接to be+形容詞、名詞短語等形式,有時to be可省略,如:believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。 ①We all believe John(to be)honest. 但當不定式是完成式時,to不能省略,如:We consider him tohave been foolish. t hear anyone say anything about it. 這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,to不能省略,如第②句:Thestudents are made to do too much homework (4)help,know后面的to可有可無。 Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform? ve never known her(to)be late :He was known to have been to France before. You may depend on them to be there early. 常這樣用的短語動詞有:ask for,care for,call on,count on,depend on,wait for,long for(渴望), prepare for,wish for等。 ⒉作主語補足語 如: ②The young university student is considered to have great promise. ⒈作目的狀語 ②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examinedby the doctor. 如: 有時為強調目