【正文】 后代的。當(dāng)被問(wèn)及他們認(rèn)為他們的孩子為什么學(xué)得好時(shí)，大多數(shù)亞洲父母說(shuō)是“用功”。 　　“依我看，”斯蒂文森說(shuō)，“對(duì)于我們都能通過(guò)艱苦努力在生活中取得成功的觀念我們已經(jīng)不再相信。于是我們開(kāi)始把班級(jí)分為‘快班’和‘慢班’，而中國(guó)人和日本人則認(rèn)為所有的孩子都能在同一課程中成功。它來(lái)源于亞洲人共同的儒教傳統(tǒng)，即公元前5世紀(jì)那位中國(guó)圣人的哲學(xué)思想，他的教義對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 　　儒教也為亞洲人的成功提供了另一個(gè)要素。一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法報(bào)答他的父母，而且在亞洲人中間還有一種責(zé)任感、乃至負(fù)罪感，這是一種如同新教哲學(xué)在西方一樣的強(qiáng)大力量。 在我住在中國(guó)、日本和越南的15年間，我注意到同大多數(shù)美國(guó)父母相比，亞洲父母同他們的嬰兒建立了一種更為親密的身體聯(lián)系。我們認(rèn)為這種無(wú)時(shí)不在的關(guān)心已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)、甚至是不健康的，但是對(duì)于亞洲人來(lái)說(shuō)，它卻十分有效?！彼沟傥纳f(shuō)。 　　“首先，”他說(shuō)，“我們需要為我們的孩子們確立更高的目標(biāo)?！?　　第二，他宣稱(chēng)，美國(guó)父母需要更加關(guān)心子女的教育?！?斯蒂文森發(fā)現(xiàn)，亞洲父母比美國(guó)父母花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間幫助孩子做作業(yè)或者寫(xiě)信給孩子的老師。近90%的中國(guó)年輕人說(shuō)他們確實(shí)喜歡學(xué)校， 60%的年輕人迫不及待地盼著學(xué)校假期結(jié)束。原因之一也許是中國(guó)和日本的學(xué)生一般在每節(jié)課后都有一段休息時(shí)間， 這有助于他們放松并增加注意力集中的持續(xù)時(shí)間。”伯克利的一位美籍亞裔學(xué)生李?唐說(shuō)，“在我的化學(xué)班里，有一些很聰明的美國(guó)人。我在美國(guó)人身上看到很多被浪費(fèi)的潛能。 conducted, performed 2. led to。 arises from, es from 4. get ahead。 appeared, arrived 6. make up。 歸功于 8. cope with。 把蛋糕分成…… 10. excluded from。 devoted to, dedicated to 12. make it to。在孔夫子的哲學(xué)中，家庭起著最重要的作用這種定向引導(dǎo)人們?yōu)榧彝サ臉s譽(yù)而學(xué)習(xí)工作，而不僅僅是為了他們自己。 XII.9. Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only. 10. American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their afterschool time. 11. His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said he owed all this to his parents’ encouragement.12. He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future. 13. The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.14. As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.15. To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is mitted to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get ahead in life. 16. As time was running out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could make it to the airport in time. ClozeXIII1. immigrant 2. than 3. obligation 4. motivated 5. widespread 6. however 7. although 8. discrimination 9. but/although 10. One day 11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe Reading AnalysisXII.Stevenson offered three remendations:To start with, we need higher standards for our kids second, American parents need to bee more mitted to their children’s education. And third, our school could be reorganized in simple but effective ways. Structured WritingXIII. One example, for referenceStudents at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons. To start with, the teachers’ hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us. Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare strongly motivate us to study as hard as we should. And third, our teachers’ warmly human characters create bonds of friendship that will last forever. 第三單元翻譯UNIT3 TEXT A 一個(gè)文化翻譯的故事　　西方和日本公司的合資企業(yè)經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)生沖突許多無(wú)關(guān)緊要的瑣事會(huì)擴(kuò)大為情緒激動(dòng)的交戰(zhàn)， 各方不停地叫嚷：“他們是怎么了!?他們能不能理解……?!” 但是因?yàn)闆_突主要是由文化差異引起的，所以沒(méi)有一方能夠理解除非他們有一名“文化翻譯”。 這家公司剛同一家日本商社開(kāi)辦了一家合資企業(yè)，美方管理部門(mén)需要有人在它的獨(dú)特技術(shù)方面培訓(xùn)日本雇員。 　　從一開(kāi)始，喬治就被所有的日本雇員欣然接受。所以他們喜歡就廣泛的各類(lèi)問(wèn)題征求他的意見(jiàn)，包括大洋彼岸他們的合作伙伴的古怪行為。辦公室里的秘書(shū)們都熱衷于幫助這個(gè)討人喜歡的單身漢學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)。喬治的第一份兩年期合同到期了。他整天喝綠茶，頓頓吃米飯，甚至學(xué)會(huì)了正確地坐榻榻米。之后又有第三份合同，喬治與日本文化的情緣在繼續(xù)著。他沒(méi)有什么剩下的東西可以教他們了。 　　一天，這家合資企業(yè)的日方總裁又一次被來(lái)自美方管理層的一份電文激怒了，喬治就是在那一天產(chǎn)生了做一名“文化翻譯”這一想法的。喬治也同往常一樣，讀了電文，然后心平氣和地解釋了美國(guó)人這樣說(shuō)的真正意思，而不是在日本文化背景下聽(tīng)上去的那種意思。在這幾年中，這一決定的英明一次又一次地得到了證明。當(dāng)日方會(huì)計(jì)師不得不解釋花在874份十二月假日禮物上的46,534美元時(shí)，就是這么一種情況。在諸如此類(lèi)的情況下，人人都求助于喬治。當(dāng)有些事連喬治也無(wú)法“譯”成美國(guó)式的含義時(shí)，他會(huì)寫(xiě)道：“這聽(tīng)上去很荒唐，但你們無(wú)論如何也應(yīng)該同意。當(dāng)美方經(jīng)理們?cè)L問(wèn)日本時(shí)，喬治便處處陪著我們，以確保我們不會(huì)做出或說(shuō)出任何在日本人看來(lái)十分愚蠢的事或話(huà)來(lái)。 　　自把那家公司交到能干的喬治手中以來(lái)， 我已經(jīng)在國(guó)際業(yè)務(wù)方面為許多公司出謀劃策。方面為許多公司出謀劃策。Text prehensionII.1. The author is talking about cultural differences: different ways of doing things in different cultures。 it’s also implied that they liked his efforts to learn Japanese, and that the secretaries liked the fact that he was single. These qualities contributed to his being a cultural translator by making the Japanese trust him, feel fortable with him, and grow accustomed to asking him for all kinds of advice. 4. He had to ‘reinvent’ himself because his expertise as an engineer was no longer needed, but he didn’t want to leave Japan. The pany accepted his ‘reinvention’ because they had heard lots of horror stories about cultural conflicts and recognized the value of having someone like George around. 5. The author means that the misunderstandings were not always merely linguistic. 6. The examples imply that there is a strong group orientation in Japanese business, that sentiment can be as important as profit and efficiency, and that employees may be valued for something other than their material contribution to the pany. The fact that these examples mystified the US side implies that in American business relations, profit and efficiency are considered more important than sentiment, and that Americans expect logical explanations for decisions, expenditures, etc. 7. Because the words and actions of the American visitors could be misinterpreted by the Japanese: things that could seem crazy or rude to the Japanese are normal to Americans.8. Because the author believes that language problems are not a serious barrier, pared with cultural differences. VocabularyIII. 1. surpassed 2. approved 3. ensure 4. thriving 6. qualified 7. represent 8. apparent 9. justify 10. conflictsIV. 1. go along with 2. from the farmers’ viewpoint 3. multitudes of 4. run into 5. e to an end 6. picked up 7. at times 8. gotten into the habit of 9. smooth over 10. the other way around V. 1. due to 2. thanks to 3. Due to 4. Thanks to 5. due to 6. Thanks to Word BuildingVI.Interchangeable: that can be used in place of each other Interface: a place or area where different things meet and have an effect on each other Intercontinental: between continents Intersection: a joint where two roads or lines crossInterdisciplinary: involving two or more discipli