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土木工程外文翻譯(中英互譯版)-在線瀏覽

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【正文】 用環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂注入模具中。編織而成的玻璃纖維片布置在試樣的兩端,以消除測(cè)試中固定端的應(yīng)力集中。四個(gè)測(cè)試樣品的平均荷載應(yīng)變曲線見(jiàn)圖3,上面還有理論預(yù)測(cè)的曲線。在這一點(diǎn)上應(yīng)變?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)的速率高于荷載??梢詼y(cè)試到屈服荷載(荷載應(yīng)變曲線上性能去不再為線性的第一點(diǎn))(),()。梁的受彎鋼筋由底部的兩根5號(hào)(16mm)受拉鋼筋和頂部的兩根3號(hào)()的受壓鋼筋組成。有5根梁澆筑時(shí)角部做成半徑25mm(1in)的圓角,從而易于加固材料的安置。使用的鋼筋為60等級(jí),屈服強(qiáng)度415MPa(800psi)。使用了兩種不同厚度的織物。其他四根梁使用現(xiàn)在常用的碳纖維加固材料進(jìn)行加固:1)一層單向碳纖維薄片,();2)兩層單向碳纖維織物,();3)一層固體玻璃談碳纖維板,(16kips/in)。表2給出了包括研制中的織物在內(nèi)的加固材料的特性。%,從而保證不至于在纖維破壞之前破壞。由生產(chǎn)商提供的粘結(jié)材料的力學(xué)特性見(jiàn)表3。然后使用丙酮除去污物對(duì)梁進(jìn)行清潔。加固材料沿梁長(zhǎng)度布置在中心,(88in)。對(duì)研制中的混合織物(H體系)加固的梁,制備了兩根,并對(duì)各種構(gòu)造進(jìn)行測(cè)試來(lái)證實(shí)結(jié)果。儀器跨中FRP的應(yīng)變通過(guò)布置在梁底面的三個(gè)應(yīng)變片測(cè)量??缰袚隙仁峭ㄟ^(guò)使用串行電位計(jì)測(cè)量的。荷載有一種荷載電池測(cè)量。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果和討論控制梁(),()??刂屏旱脑囼?yàn)結(jié)果見(jiàn)加固梁的試驗(yàn)成果圖上(圖6至15)。圖6至11顯示了這些梁的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。梁的延性通過(guò)計(jì)算延性指數(shù)來(lái)考察,即計(jì)算破壞時(shí)與屈服時(shí)的撓度之比。()時(shí)屈服,()時(shí)由于碳纖維薄片的開(kāi)裂而破壞。圖6(b)顯示了跨中荷載碳纖維應(yīng)變關(guān)系圖。這根梁使用固體玻璃碳纖維板進(jìn)行加固。盡管荷載提高了61%,但破壞仍是脆性的。%,這意味著板的承載力發(fā)揮了24%。該梁由兩層碳纖維織物加固。值得注意的是,在圖8(b)%,這意味著纖維承載力大約發(fā)揮了48%。這根梁使用研制中的厚度為1mm厚的混合織物進(jìn)行加固。在圖9(b)中值得注意的是,%。圖9(c)即為破壞時(shí)的梁。()時(shí)屈服,()。從圖10(b)%。圖11和表5對(duì)A組梁的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較。但是H501梁比C1梁體現(xiàn)了更高的屈服荷載。2.,但是直到屈服時(shí),H752體現(xiàn)著和C3相似的性能。3.相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在常用的碳纖維加固材料,這種研制中的織物屈服時(shí)的應(yīng)變和鋼筋的屈服應(yīng)變接近。這一部分要?dú)w功于將植物安置在梁的外表面,這樣比安置在梁的內(nèi)部要承受更大的拉應(yīng)變。4.當(dāng)使用有較高承載能力的碳纖維板(正如在C2梁中使用的)時(shí),能夠提供高的破壞荷載,同時(shí)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生脆性破壞。改組試驗(yàn)結(jié)果見(jiàn)表5和圖12至15。圖12(a)顯示了CS梁的荷載撓度關(guān)系。()時(shí)由于鋼筋的屈服而屈服。()的極限荷載時(shí)由于跨中混凝土的受壓破壞而破壞。%。這根梁使用研制中的厚度為1mm厚的混合織物進(jìn)行加固。()時(shí)由于鋼筋和織物的破壞,梁發(fā)生破壞。()的極限荷載時(shí)由于混凝土的受壓破壞而破壞。%,%。圖14即HS752的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。從圖14(a)()時(shí)屈服,由于鋼筋和織物的屈服,屈服荷載增加了55%。圖14(b)顯示了跨中荷載和織物應(yīng)變的關(guān)系。該梁的破壞情形見(jiàn)圖14(c)。從試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以觀察到如下現(xiàn)象:1.雖然混合織物的屈服荷載低于碳纖維板的極限荷載,但是HS502梁比CS梁體現(xiàn)出了更高的延性。2.用研制中的混合織物加固的梁屈服荷載更大,并且有令人滿意的屈服臺(tái)階。而且,這種混合織物比目前常用的碳纖維材料便宜,因?yàn)檫@些纖維中超過(guò)75%的使用的是玻璃纖維,而這要比碳纖維成本低。在一些情況下,加固可能導(dǎo)致加固梁的脆性破壞或著是屈服荷載增加很不明顯,或者是二者兼有。經(jīng)過(guò)設(shè)計(jì),這種織物具有同加固梁中的鋼筋同時(shí)屈服的潛力。有些用混合織物進(jìn)行加固的梁會(huì)顯示出類(lèi)似未加固梁的屈服臺(tái)階。4.使用研制中的混合織物體系進(jìn)行加固的梁并沒(méi)有顯示出明顯的延性損失。 參考文獻(xiàn)ASTM D 3039, 2000, “Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, V. , pp. 106118.Bunsell, A. R., and Harris, B., 1974, “Hybrid Carbon and Glass Fibre Composites,” Composites, V. 5, pp. 157164.Chow, T. W., and Kelly, A., 1980, “Mechanical Properties of Composites,” Annual Review of Composite Science, V. 10, pp. 229259.Fukuda, H., and Chow T. W., 1981, “Monte Carlo Simulation of Strength of Hybrid Composites,” Journal of Composite Materials, V. 16, pp. 371385.Grace, N. F.。 AbdelSayed, G.。 Somboonsong, W.。 Henneke, M. J.。 Saadatmanesh, H.。 Thomas, D. A.。 and Connelly, G. M., 1991, “External Reinforcement of Concrete Beams using Fiber Reinforced Plastics,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 88, No. 4, JulyAug., pp. 490500.Saadatmanesh, H., and Ehsani, M. R., 1991, “RC Beams Strengthening with GFRP Plates I: Experimental Study,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 117, No. 11, pp. 34173433.Somboonsong, W.。 and Harris, H. G., 1998, “Ductile Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Plastic Reinforcing,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 95, No. 6, ., pp. 655666.Tamuzs, V., and Tepfers, R., 1995, “Ductility of Nonmetallic Hybrid Fiber Composite Reinforcement for Concrete,” Proceedings, 2nd International RILEM Symposium (FRPRCS2), pp. 1825.Triantafillou, N. P., 1992, “Strengthening of RC Beams with EpoxyBonded FiberComposite Materials,” Materials and Structures, V. 25, pp. 201211. 附錄表1 復(fù)合纖維的力學(xué)特性纖維材料描述彈性模量,GPa(MSi)抗拉強(qiáng)度,MPa(ksi)破壞時(shí)的應(yīng)變,%1號(hào)碳纖維超高摸量碳纖維379(55)1324(192)2號(hào)碳纖維高摸量碳纖維231()2413(350)玻璃纖維E型玻璃48(7)1034(150)表2 加固材料的特性類(lèi)型屈服荷載,kN/mm(kips/in)屈服應(yīng)變,%極限荷載,kN/mm(kips/in)極限應(yīng)變,%厚度,mm(in)碳纖維薄片——()()碳纖維板——()()碳纖維織物——()()H體系(t=1mm)()()()H體系(t=)()()()表3 環(huán)氧粘結(jié)材料特性環(huán)氧類(lèi)型抗拉強(qiáng)度,MPa(ksi)極限應(yīng)變,%抗壓強(qiáng)度,Mpa(ksi)A()()B()() 表4 試驗(yàn)梁的匯總梁的組別梁的稱(chēng)號(hào)加固材料N/A控制梁N/AA組梁C1碳纖維薄片C2碳纖維板C3碳纖維織物H501H體系(t=1mm)H502H751H體系(t=)H752B組梁CS碳纖維薄片HS501H體系(t=1mm)HS502HS751H體系(t=)HS752表5 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果匯總梁的名稱(chēng)加固體系屈服荷載,kN (kips)屈服時(shí)的撓度,mm(in)破壞時(shí)的荷載,kN(kips)破壞時(shí)的撓度,mm(in) 延性指數(shù)=第6列/第4列破壞時(shí)FRP的應(yīng)變,%最終破壞類(lèi)型控制梁N/A()()()()N/A鋼筋屈服后混凝土破壞C1碳纖維薄片()()()()鋼筋屈服后FRP斷裂C2碳纖維板——()()剪切拉伸破壞C3碳纖維織物()()()()鋼筋屈服后FRP剝落H502H體系(t=1mm)()()()()鋼筋和FRP屈服后,F(xiàn)RP斷裂H752H體系(t=)()()()()鋼筋和FRP屈服后,F(xiàn)RP剝落CS碳纖維薄片()()()()鋼筋屈服后混凝土破壞HS502H體系(t=1mm)()()()()鋼筋和FRP屈服后混凝土破壞HS752H體系(t=)()()()()鋼筋和FRP屈服后混凝土破壞 ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL TECHNICAL PAPER Title no:99S71Strengthening of Concrete Beams Using Innovative Ductile FiberReinforced Polymer FabricBy Nabil F. Grace, George AbelSayed, Wael F. Ragheb30 / 30abstractAn innovative, uniaxial ductile fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) fabric has been researched, developed, and manufactured (in the Structural Testing Center at Lawrence Technological University) for strengthening structures. The fabric is a hybrid of two types of carbon fibers and one type of glass fiber, and has been designed to provide a pseudoductile behavior with a low yieldequivalent strain value in tension. The effectiveness and ductility of the developed fabric has been investigated by strengthening and testing eight concrete beams under flexural load. Similar beams strengthened with currently available uniaxial carbon fiber sheets, fabrics, and plates were also tested to pare their behavior with those strengthened with the developed fabric. The fabric has been designed so that it has the potential to yield simultaneously with the steel reinforcement of strengthened beams and hence, a ductile plateau similar to that for the nonstrengthened beams can be achieved. The beams strengthened with the developed fabric exhibited higher yield loads and achieved higher ductility indexes than those strengthened with the currently available carbon fiber strengthening systems. The developed fabric shows a more effective contribution to the strengthening mechanism.keyword:Concrete, ductility, textile fiber reinforcement, distortionINTRODUCTIONThe use of externally bonded fibcrrc
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