土木工程外文翻譯-建筑結(jié)構(gòu)-在線瀏覽
2025-07-31 14:01本頁面
【正文】 e versa. FIGURE Freebody diagrams. For example. Figure shows {he exaggerated deformation of the bent in Figure under wind loading. Note how you can determine the nature of bending action in each member of the frame from this figure. Figure shows the nature of deformation of individual particles under various types of stress. FIGURE Structural deformation The scaled plot is a graph of some mathematical relationship or real data. For example, the graph in Figure represents the form of a damped ibration of an elastic spring. It consists of the plot of the displacements against elapsed time t. and represents the graph of the expression. FIGURE Graphical plot of a damped cyclic motion. Although the equation is technically sufficient to describe the phenomenon, the graph illustrates many aspects of the relationship. such as the rate of decay of the displacement. the interval of the vibration. the specific position at some specific elapsed time. and so on.. METHODS OF INVESTIGATION AND DESIGN Traditional structural design centered on the working stress method. a method now referred to as stress design or allowable stress design (ASD). This method. which relies on the classic theories of elastic behavior, measures a design39。s response to service loadsthat is. the loads caused by normal usage conditions. The strength me/hod, meanwhile, measures a design39。s response. An advantage of working with the stress method is that you focus on the usage condition (real or anticipated). The principal disadvantage es from your forced detachment from real failure conditionsmost structures develop much different forms of stress and strain as they approach their failure limits. The Strength Method (LRFD) The strength method is as follows: 1. Quantify the service loads. Then multiply them by an adjustment factor39。s ultimate (maximum, failure) resistance in appropriate terms (resistance to pression, buckling. bending. etc.). Sometimes this resistance is subject to an adjustment factor, called theresistancefacror. When you employ load and resistance factors. the strength method is now sometimes called foad and resistancefaaor design (LRFD) (see Section ). 3. Compare the usable resistance ofthe structu re to the u ltirnatc resistance required (an investigation procedure), or a structure with an appropriate resistance is proposed (a design procedure)
畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1