【正文】 1921），2005年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎獲得者，1951年獲得哈佛大學經(jīng)濟學博士學位，曾在美國哈佛大學肯尼迪學院執(zhí)教20年，擔任政治經(jīng)濟學教授，并獲得退休名譽教授的稱號，1991年被選為美國經(jīng)濟學協(xié)會會長，現(xiàn)在美國馬里蘭大學公共政策學院和經(jīng)濟系擔任教授，并獲得退休名譽教授稱號。謝林重要的理論著作包括《沖突戰(zhàn)略》、《武器與影響》等，其中前者是相關(guān)領(lǐng)域中最具有開創(chuàng)性的理論著作之一。Winston Churchill ()溫斯頓IV. Skills for Reading 名詞化結(jié)構(gòu) 大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)是科技英語最突出的特點之一。理解名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)的重點是確定中心名詞。(. water purification system)2. 復合名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)指由一個中心名詞和形容詞、名詞、副詞、分詞及介詞短語等多個前置或后置修飾語構(gòu)成。（. Archimeds first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先發(fā)現(xiàn)了固體排水的原理。2) 變壓器是一種利用互感原理的重要實用裝置。4) 增加了對成本的極小化的刺激，成本更具透明度。6) 由于已投入使用的或者處于研發(fā)階段的納米制品的范圍極廣，因此確定先測試哪一種材料以及如何進行測試是至關(guān)重要的。8) 技術(shù)發(fā)展造成的成本的降低、性能的提高以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)的廣泛應用使得建造更大的工程、人工智能（智能代理、知識庫系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘及智能過濾等等）將愈加可行。 Text A “Making a Little Progress” 216。 科技英語翻譯技巧 “科技術(shù)語”Step:I. Text Organization PartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OnePara. 1The government decided to take an initiative to fight against cancer by means of nanotechnology.Part TwoPara. 2Nanotechnology holds promise for cancer treatment on account of two main reasons: size and function.Part ThreeParas. 38Two kinds of nanoparticles—nanocrystals of iron oxide and quantum dots—have been used for cancer detection in tests on mice.Part FourParas. 918Three kinds of nanoparticles—dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and liposomes—have been used in tests for cancer killing.Part FiveParas. 1921In spite of great progress in cancer nanotechnology, there are still many problems to solve.II. Language Points … to bring new blood to an old and desperate fight. ()new blood: n. new member, new er (=fresh blood). The pany certainly needs some fresh blood with new ideas.It’s a wellfunded sign that expectations for nanotech solutions to cancer extend to the highest governmental levels, and it es at a time when the battle against the disease seems to be at a standstill. ()Paraphrase: Highest government levels are expecting nanotech solutions to cancer. It es just in time since the battle against cancer seems to have e to a dead end.此句是一個長句。 when引導定語從句。 to make a sound. (1) Madam Curie found that radium (鐳) emitted a faint (微弱的、暗淡的) blue light. (2) The face of the girl turned white and she emitted a low moan.… as they revert to their original spins. ()revert to: to return to a previous state.. (1) If you revert to your eating habit, you’ll put on weight again. (2) The house reverted to its former state of wreck (毀壞、嚴重破壞).…, usher the protons to their original spins. ()usher: v. to lead sb. politely to some place. The waitress ushered us to our seats reserved.… then tacked on an antibody. ()tack … on: to add. (1) She tacked a ribbon on to her hat. (2) It’s a tragic play but with a happy ending tacked on.Adjusting the particles’ sizes creates probes … ()probe: n. a slender, flexible surgical instrument used to explore a wound or body cavity。 to make a lot of holes with sth.. (1) The soccer team produced a disappointing performance riddled with errors. (2) A gunman riddled the facade (正面) of the building with bullets.… home in on the cancer cells. ()home in on: to move or lead toward a goal. (1) A large insect was homing in on his neck. (2) The investigators were homing in on the truth.They burn their way through cancer. ()Paraphrase: Carbon nanotubes can kill cancer cells by burning them.… the p53 gene will initiate cellular suicide. ()initiate: v. (fml) to make sth. start. (1) The large pany initiated a management training programme for its personnel. (2) We shall initiate urgent discussions with our trade partners.… the cell keeps growing and can bee malignant. ()malignant: a. virulent 惡性的. Fortunately, after the test, his tumor was benign, not malignant.… patients with advanced solid tumors. ()advanced: a. 1) far along in course or time 2) progressive 3) of high level. (1) The old man is so optimistic and energetic that we can never imagine him to be a patient with advanced lung cancer. (2) They have developed an advanced munications system. (3) She had difficulty learning advanced mathematics.If cancer nanotechnology does live up to its promise … ()live up to: to satisfy。1937年美國總統(tǒng)羅斯福批準國家癌癥法案（National Cancer Act），隨后NCI正式成立。MRI可以使CT顯示不出來的病變顯影，是醫(yī)學影像領(lǐng)域中的又一重大發(fā)展。它具有高度的軟組織分辨能力，不需使用對比劑即可顯示血管結(jié)構(gòu)等獨特的優(yōu)點。對顱腦、脊椎和脊髓病的顯示優(yōu)于CT。它還有高于CT數(shù)倍的軟組織分辨能力，能夠敏感地檢測出組織成分中水含量的變化，因而常比CT更有效和更早地發(fā)現(xiàn)病變。Holy Grail ()圣杯，圣盤。圣杯在延續(xù)千年的傳說之后，常常被用來代表眾人追求的最高目標，而它的另外一層含義，則是一種對渺茫希望的暗示。參考見：“...... 納米醫(yī)學將給醫(yī)學界，諸如癌癥、糖尿病和老年性癡呆等疾病的治療帶來變革，已經(jīng)獲得越來越多的認同。樹形聚合物(dendrimers)因為，它是非生物材料，不會誘發(fā)病人的免疫反應，沒有形成排異反應的危險；所以，可以作為藥物的納米載體，攜帶藥物分子進入人體的血液循環(huán)，使藥物在無免疫排斥的條件下，發(fā)揮治病的效果?！眂arbon nanotube ()納米碳管。理想納米碳管是由碳原子形成的石墨烯片層卷成的無縫、中空的管體。SWNT的直徑一般為16nm，但SWNT的直徑大于6nm以后特別不穩(wěn)定，會發(fā)生塌陷，長度則可達幾百納米到幾個微米。liposome ()脂質(zhì)體。脂質(zhì)體由磷脂、膽固醇等為膜材包合而成。p53 gene ()p53基因是一種抑癌基因，是迄今發(fā)現(xiàn)的與人類腫瘤相關(guān)性最高的基因。p53蛋白在正常細胞中含量較低。transferrin ()轉(zhuǎn)鐵蛋白（TRF）。以一種復合物的形式進入骨髓中，供成熟紅細胞的生成。血漿中TRF的濃度受鐵供應的調(diào)節(jié)，在缺鐵狀態(tài)時，血漿TRF濃度上升，經(jīng)鐵有效治療后恢復到正常水平。diabetes ()糖尿病是由胰島素在人體內(nèi)絕對或相對缺乏引起的代謝紊亂，其病理變化涉及糖、脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)等代謝紊亂，臨床癥狀為血糖升高，尿中含糖，出現(xiàn)多飲、多食、多尿的“三多”現(xiàn)象，嚴重者往往會發(fā)生心血管、眼睛及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥。IV. Skills for Reading 復合詞 大量使用復合詞是科技文章的特點之一，它可以起到使句子精煉生動的功能。其中復合名詞通常由兩個詞構(gòu)成，它們或者直接放在一起，或者分開；復合形容詞通常由連字符連接兩個或多個詞構(gòu)成；此外還有少量的復合動詞（. massproduce）。1. 復合名詞的構(gòu)成：1） 名詞+名詞 (. 見P47，下同。）2. 復合形容詞的構(gòu)成：1） 名詞/形容詞/副詞+形容詞 (. 見P47，下同。）3） 形容詞+動詞 （如massproduce成批生產(chǎn)）V. Skills for Translation 科技術(shù)語 通常專業(yè)科技術(shù)語會有約定俗成的依法，或有全國科技名詞審定委員會來推薦譯名。)2. 音譯(即根據(jù)英語單詞的發(fā)音譯成讀音與原詞大致相同的中文。）3. 意音結(jié)合譯 (即在音譯之后加上一個表示類別的詞，或者把原詞的一部分音譯，而另一部分意譯。）VI. Translation Practice科技術(shù)語 1. Exercises for Practicing the Skills1) 博弈論，對策論 11）哈西值 21）納米材料2) 密碼學，密碼系統(tǒng) 12）MD5算法 22）納米系統(tǒng)3) 公鑰 13）SHA1算法 23）納米技術(shù)4) 密鑰 14）MIME標準 24）盤尼西林（音譯）；青霉素（意譯）5) 數(shù)字簽名 15）Linux系統(tǒng) 25）荷爾蒙（音譯）；激素（意譯）6) 即時成像 16）ActiveX控件 26）晚期癌癥7) 電子貨幣 17）Java語言 27）靶向細胞8) 源代碼 18）投資回報率 28）宿主9) 寶麗來公司 19）IP協(xié)議 29）微機械學10) 柯達