【正文】 39。t and therefore has more chances of promotion. And it will be easier for him to find a job outside his pany if he is not satisfied with his present job. In addition, a person with a range of skills is more likely to work his way up to the top of the corporate ladder.Human Resources: how to provide effective support for new members of staffTraining: The importance of a continuous programme of staff training within a panyStaff Management: how to achieve and maintain high motivation among a workforceMotivating Employees: Employees tend to be more satisfied with their jobs if they are provided (1) pensation that is aligned with their performance, (2) job security, (3) a flexible work schedule, and (4) employee involvement programs. Firms should offer job security, pensation that is tied to employee performance, more flexible work schedules, and more employee involvement programs. To the extent that job satisfaction can motivate employees to improve their performance, firms may be able to a higher production level by providing greater job satisfaction. Marketing ResearchManagers cannot always wait for information to arrive in bits and pieces from the marketing intelligence system. They often require formal studies of specific situations. For example, Toshiba wants to know how many and what kinds of people or panies will buy its new superfast laptop puter. Or Barat College in Lake Forest, Illinois, needs to know what percentage of its target market has heard of Barat, how they heard, what they know, and how they feel about Barat. In such situations, the marketing intelligence system will not provide the detailed information needed. Managers will need marketing research.We define marketing research as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization. Every marketer needs research. Marketing researchers engage in a wide variety of activities, ranging from market potential and market share studies, to assessments of customer satisfaction and purchase behavior, to studies of pricing, distribution, and promotion activities.A pany can conduct marketing research in its own research department or have some or all of it done outside. Although most large panies have their own marketing research departments, they often use outside firms to do special research tasks or studies. A pany with no research department has to buy the services of research firms.Marketing: the importance of packaging products appropriatelyIn recent times, numerous factors have made packaging an important marketing tool. Increased petition and clutter on retail store shelves means that packages now must perform many sales tasksfrom attracting attention, to describing the product, to making the sale. Companies are realizing the power of good packaging to create instant consumer recognition of the pany or brand. For example, in an average supermarket, which stocks 15,000 to 17,000 items, the typical shopper passes by some 300 items per minute, and 53 percent of all purchases are made on impulse. In this highly petitive environment, the package may be the seller39。 SafetyEmployee Safety: Firms ensure that the workplace is safe for employees by closely monitoring the production process. Some obvious safety precautions are to check machinery and equipment for proper working conditions, require safety glasses or any other equipment that one can prevent injury, and emphasize any special safety precautions in training seminars.Firms that create a safe working environment prevent injuries and improve the morale of their employees. Many firms, such as Allied Signal, now identify workplace safety as one of their main goals. Levi Strauss and Company imposes safety guidelines not only its . facilities but also on Asian factories where some of its clothes are made. Starbucks Coffee Company has developed a code of conduct in an attempt to improve the quality of life in coffeeproducing countries.Life Skills: the importance of being able to cope with stress in a jobTechnology: the importance of training staff in how to use new technology when introducing it into the workplaceSpeaking Test Part III Sample DialoguesTime Management[Definition: the manner by which managers allocate their time when managing tasks]SampleZhang: Hi, Ms Wang, you know, our pany is sort of out of control these days. Don39。s the point. So time should be planned according to the importance of the tasks we need to deal with.Zhang: So what do you think we can do so that time is managed effectively here in our pany?Wang: You mean what procedures we can adopt?Zhang: Sure. That39。ve got a lot to do. First, we should make all the staff members realize how important effective time management is to our pany.Zhang: Yes, I think we can give them instruction in time management, especially those in supervisory positions.Wang: Right, perhaps we can run a few training programs for them. If need, we may invite some experts from outside to help us.Zhang: Another thing we can do is to make all the managers, or even every staff member, e up with a job description of their own. In this way, they can be pretty sure about what they are responsible for and what they are not.Wang: Yes, that39。s a good idea. But that will surely add to our cost and therefore push up our price.Zhang: I know what you mean. Price is a major consideration when a customer decides on a purchase. But there are certainly many other considerations on their part, for example, quality and aftersales service.Wang: That makes sense. Ours is a high quality product and our aftersales service is good enough, I think. That39。s it. We may even consider some other incentives, such as a coupon to go with our newspaper ad, and …Wang: And I think we can offer free delivery for our customers.Zhang: Yes, but we cannot afford to offer free delivery for all our customers.Wang: Only those who are wit