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況下需要復(fù)數(shù),通常加 s構(gòu)成 : ? Mary / Marys Germany / Germanys 二、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法 ? (4) 以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞有些加詞尾 s,有些加 es,有些加 s或 es均可: piano / pianos tomato / tomatoes zero / zero(e)s ? 【 注 】 有人對英語中所有以 o結(jié)尾的名詞作了統(tǒng)計(jì),一共近 200來個,其中絕大部分的復(fù)數(shù)形式通過加詞尾 s構(gòu)成,少數(shù)加詞尾 es。 ? (5) 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,也有兩種可能:即有些直接加詞尾 s,有些則把 f / fe 改為 ves: chief / chiefs roof / roofs knife / knives ? 【 注 】 常見的要改 f / fe 為 ves 的只有 : wife, life, knife, leaf,thief, half, self, shelf, loaf, wolf。 二、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法 ? 2. 單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 。 二、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法 ? 3. 不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 。 ? 但是 human(人 ), German(德國人 )不是合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)不能仿 man 的變化規(guī)律,而是按規(guī)則變化,即用 humans, Germans。 字母和文字如何變復(fù)數(shù) 一般說來,字母和文字在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),通常是在詞尾加 ’s。 Mind your p’s and q’s. 要謹(jǐn)言慎行。 若不至于發(fā)生混淆,也可只加詞尾 s: He was born in the 1930(’)s. 他出生在 20世紀(jì)30年代。 三、名詞的可數(shù)性 ? 名詞根據(jù)其可數(shù)性可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。 如: ? There are five rooms in the apartment. ? There were many things to be done. ? A large number of students are Asians. 三、名詞的可數(shù)性 ? 2. 不可數(shù)名詞的用法特點(diǎn):通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式;其前不可直接用不定冠詞或數(shù)詞;可用 (a) little, much, a great deal, a lot of, plenty of, a large amount of, a large quantity of, some, any 等修飾;要表示數(shù)量不可在前面直接加數(shù)詞,而要用 a piece of 之類的結(jié)構(gòu)。t much furniture. ? He lost a great quantity of blood. 四、不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化 ? 有的不可數(shù)名詞在某些特殊情況下可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞,如: ? 1. 有些物質(zhì)名詞表示不同種類或表示 “ 一杯 / 罐 / 瓶 ”等數(shù)量意義時(shí),可用作可數(shù)名詞。 ? She brought us three coffees. 她給我們端來三杯咖啡。 如: ? The party was a great success. 晚會非常成功。如: ? A heavy snow was falling. 下著一場大雪。 五、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語 修飾可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語有 these, those, few, a few, many, a good [great] many, a great [good] number of 等: ? Few people would agree with this. ? He has a great many friends here. ? 注: a good [great] many 后直接跟名詞,不用介詞 of。 五、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語 有些修飾語既可 修飾可數(shù)名詞 也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如 all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of 等: ? You needn‘t hurry. There‘s plenty of time. ? There are plenty of men out of work. ? We need a quantity of baskets. ? He put a small quantity of sugar in the milk. 五、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語 ? 有些名詞 形式上是復(fù)數(shù) ,但卻被用作不可數(shù)名詞,使用 much, little等修飾語: ?He hasn‘t got much brains. ?He took much pains to do the work. ?I said I wouldn‘t want much wages. ?It?s high time you were taught a li