【正文】
OH OH HO 受外力后,新位置氫鍵力是阻礙分子鏈復(fù)原位的主要原因。 ? 樹脂本身形成交聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò),阻止分子鏈在外力作用下有大的相對位移。 2D樹脂是由尿素、乙二醛、甲醛反應(yīng)形成: 整理工藝 浸軋樹脂整理液 預(yù)烘 拉幅烘干 焙烘 皂洗 烘干 rt℃ 浸軋兩道,帶液 6570%。 紅外、或熱風(fēng),80~100℃ ,含濕小于 30% 140~150℃ , 35min. 除去副產(chǎn)物如甲基胺有魚腥味,催化劑等, 新抗皺劑 傳統(tǒng)防皺劑缺點:含甲醛。 新抗皺劑 低甲醛型 使 N羥甲基存在形式改變,甲 醚化或成 N甲基化。 第三節(jié) 毛織物整理 一、 毛織物是指羊毛纖維織物、羊毛混紡織物和其他毛型織物。 毛織物 精紡毛織物 緊密、細(xì)支。 整理目的、工藝不同。一些品種略具短齊絨毛。 整理工藝:縮呢、洗呢、起毛、剪毛、蒸呢等。 包括坯布準(zhǔn)備、燒毛、煮呢、洗呢、縮呢、烘呢。 燒毛 輕薄精紡毛織物。雙面、單面燒毛。 目的:定形作用。 原理:濕熱、張力條件下,羊毛纖維分子間副鍵如氫鍵、離子鍵、二硫鍵等被拆散,分子、纖維等調(diào)整,在新位置又經(jīng)長時間濕熱處理,重新建立大量上述副鍵,保持狀態(tài)冷卻,獲得定形效果。 angle to each other. For other constructions, the crabbing process is designed to stabilize the construction. Improper crabbing may produce “offgrain” fabrics, which never look or handle satisfactorily. 煮呢機 單槽煮呢機, 雙槽煮呢機, 蒸煮聯(lián)合機。 時間: 正常: 1h左右。 pH值: 白坯煮呢: , 色坯煮呢: 。 冷卻方式:對織物風(fēng)格影響。煮 洗 煮 先洗后煮:油污多織物 染后煮呢:復(fù)煮,色牢度高織物用。 目的 :除去和毛油、抗靜電劑、漿料等物質(zhì),還有沾的油污、灰塵。同時,防止羊毛損傷、呢氈化,漂清等。 洗呢工藝 洗滌劑 肥皂、雷米邦 A、凈洗劑 LS、凈洗劑 209等 溫度 ~40℃ 左右。 縮呢 縮呢 :在一定的濕、熱、機械力作用下,使毛織物產(chǎn)生縮絨氈合的加工過程??椢锉砻娈a(chǎn)生絨毛,遮蓋織物組織,改進織物外觀,并獲得豐滿、柔軟的手感。 原理 :羊毛會氈縮 在水中無定向外力作用下,纖維相互纏結(jié),集合體變密實,絨毛突出,織物尺寸減小,織紋模糊,強力增加。 定向摩擦效應(yīng)。 酸性縮呢 pH4 ~50℃ 中性縮呢 pH4~8 堿性縮呢 pH9~10 35~40℃ 縮呢工藝 縮呢劑作用 :使纖維潤濕溶脹,鱗片張開,潤滑纖維促進纖維移動,咬合,產(chǎn)生縮絨效果。手感、光澤差些 合成洗滌劑。手感軟,光澤好。 精紡織物,經(jīng) 3~5%,緯 5~10%。 軋水機 平幅軋水,效率高,勻 脫水 含濕率30~ 40% 烘呢定幅 多層熱風(fēng)針板拉幅烘干機: 精紡 75~80℃ ,粗紡 8090℃ Tentering Tentering is a mechanical straightening of fabrics. It is a part of many finishing operations such as mercerizing, resin finishing, drying, and shrinkage control. A clip or pin tenter (or stenter) frame may be used. The fabric is held horizontally by each selvage between clips or on pins. The chains holding the fabric gradually move apart to the desired width for the cloth before they enter drying units or other processes requiring tentered cloth. 三、毛織物的干整理 起毛、刷毛、剪毛、電壓、蒸呢等。 鋼絲起毛機,刺果起毛機,起毛、剪毛聯(lián)合機。 水對纖維作用 刷毛與剪毛 刷毛:除去雜物,使絨毛豎立。精紡,潔凈、平整 蒸刷機 剪毛刀 Shearing ? Shearing is a mechanical finish applied to fabric of most natural fibers and to a relatively large proportion of fabrics from staplelength man –made fibers. Shearing involves cutting off undesirable surface fiber ends to even the map or pile of the fabric surface. ? After preliminary singeing and subsequent processing, fiber ends or loose fibers may protrude from the fabric surface. Shearing removes these ends and permits a clear view of the weave or knit construction. For pile or highly napped surfaces, shearing evens the surface to provide a uniform appearance. Special controls used on the shearing machine make it possible to produce a variety of designs in which there are both cut and uncut pile sections. ? The shearing machine has a wide, spiral cylinder to which cutting blades are attached. It resembles a lawn mower in action. The fabric passes over brushes that raise the fiber ends or the fiber nap and then moves under the cutting blades where the shearing occurs. Shearing (cropping): is the process where a raised fibre is cut at an even height. Some spun fabrics are sheared close to the fabric as a means of removing the raised hairs giving the fabric a clear, smooth surface. The shearer head consis