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e/problems/difficult doing something feel like spend/waste…doing something can’t help need/deserve/want be worth what about/how about3. 分詞 分詞作表語(yǔ) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 例1:During the discussion, Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his opinion. A B C D 例2:Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_______ A. handed them in B. them handing in C. being handed in D. handing them in 例3:_______ in the air fuels give off heat. A. T burn B. Burned C. T be burned D. Being burned 五、狀語(yǔ)從句 趙文通 考試重點(diǎn): 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 ★ while/ when/ as/ until ★ 一…就… no sooner…than/ hardly…when/ scarcely…when ★ the momentthe minute the instant ★ 固定句型It is/has been ….since… 1. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句 now that in that 2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless as long as provided that 3. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as though although even if even though while whatever 例1:If you read the book a second time, and you will probably have quite a different A B C understanding of the events described in it. D 例2:Hard as he worked, but Mr. Brown couldn’t keep the shop properly. A B C D 六、平行結(jié)構(gòu) and, or, but 比較級(jí) 例1:I enjoy eating in good restaurants and to go to the theater afterwards. A B C D 例2:It usually takes much less time to fly from one country to another than traveling by train. A B C D 例3:The rooms were then empty and most of them have been shut up. A B C D Prefer引出的平行結(jié)構(gòu): Prefer something to something Prefer doing something to doing something Prefer to do something rather than do somethingPrefer的特殊用法: Prefer somebody to do something : I prefer you to speak English in the class. a number of, the number of a number of +可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),意為許多,大量的…… the number of +可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),意為……的數(shù)目 able, capable, petent able為常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識(shí)與時(shí)間等,搭配是be able to do 。) capable 指滿(mǎn)足一般要求的能力,搭配是be capable of +doing。如:A doctor should be petent to treat many diseases. (醫(yī)生應(yīng)該能治多種病。 in all above all意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入語(yǔ),起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 after all意為“畢竟”、“終究”、“終歸”、“到底”,在句中位置較靈活。如: After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.畢竟,兩周后就是你的生日。 He failed after all.他終于失敗了。用于肯定句中,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種情緒或情感(如懷疑或驚奇等),意為“竟然”等。 Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做這件事? If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做這件事,就得做好。 in all意為“總共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。 aboard, abroad, board, broadaboard 在船(或飛機(jī),車(chē))上。如:He often goes abroad.board 為動(dòng)詞,上(船,飛機(jī),車(chē))。如:He has very broad shoulders. accept, receive accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。) accident, incident, event accident事故。 event “事件”,指特別重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,也指國(guó)家和社會(huì)的事件。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車(chē)站的鐘應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。它的反義詞是incorrect, wrong. exact“精確的”,“恰好的”,比“大體上正確”更進(jìn)一步,表“絲毫不差”。 precise強(qiáng)調(diào)“精確”,“精密”。如:His boss accused him of carelessness. charge 常與with搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house. acquire, require, inquire acquire取得,獲得,學(xué)到。如:inquire a person’s name(問(wèn)一個(gè)人的姓名) require需要。) adopt, adapt adopt (1)收養(yǎng)。)(2)采納,采用,通過(guò)。) adopt與adapt詞形相近,后者的意思是“使適合”,“改編”等。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受過(guò)良好的教育對(duì)他十分有利。如Did you make any profit last year (你去年賺錢(qián)了嗎?) benefit 指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。) 11affect, effect affect影響(動(dòng)詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.1afford, provide, supply 都有“提供,供給”的意思。 provide 和supply意思相同,兩個(gè)詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。 before指過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某時(shí)刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成時(shí)連用,可以單獨(dú)使用。 He told me that he had seen the film 。例如: The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. 上月,就建一座新汽車(chē)廠之事達(dá)成了協(xié)議。 例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父親答應(yīng)給我買(mǎi)支新鋼筆。例如: They have a greed to our plan. 他們已同意我們的計(jì)劃。例如: He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意見(jiàn)。 1alive, living, live alive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語(yǔ)。 live只做前置定語(yǔ),用于動(dòng)物和個(gè)別事物前。 在all, every, always 前,兩者都可用。) almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。)1alone, lonely alone只表“獨(dú)自”的客觀狀態(tài),沒(méi)有感情色彩,只作表語(yǔ);lonely表“孤獨(dú)”,:“寂寞”,能作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。) alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于被修飾詞前。)1altogether, all together altogether總計(jì),總共。) all together 全都在一起。)although。 as 三者均可表示“盡管;雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。它們的用法有如下幾點(diǎn)值得注意: 狀語(yǔ)從句由although, though或as引導(dǎo),主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列連詞,但可有yet或still等副詞。例如: Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他雖然相信它,但卻不肯有所行動(dòng)。though也可這么用。 注意:如果表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞,要省略a。 though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although卻不能。 they did not, though. 他們說(shuō)他們會(huì)來(lái),可是他們并沒(méi)有來(lái)。因此可以說(shuō)even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能說(shuō)even although或as although。2among, between among 在……中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.2answer, reply, respond 用作動(dòng)詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。 reply較正式,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞,可與to連用。) respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。) 另外,respond還可表“對(duì)……反應(yīng)”,“響應(yīng)”。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。2arise/rise/raise/ arouse arise是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是“起源于(和from連用)和“出現(xiàn)”。 arouse的意思是“引起,導(dǎo)致”。 as (so) long as as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一種具體用法,意為“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意為“只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it. 只要我們不斷地努力去做,就沒(méi)有什么事干不成。2as though;even though;though as though(=as if),意為“好像;似乎”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句。 It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起來(lái)好像要下雨。though也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“雖然”;even though有退一步設(shè)想的意味,與though不同。例如: He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道這個(gè)秘密,他也不肯說(shuō)出來(lái)。2assure, ensure, insure assure的意思是“使(某人)確信”,一般用作:assure sb. of /that…,后面不能直接跟that從句。 insure的意思是“給…上保險(xiǎn)”。常與of連用。 in the beginning 相當(dāng)于at first,表示“起初、開(kāi)始”時(shí),含“起初是這種情況,而后來(lái)卻不是這種情況”之意,不與of連用。 2at the