【正文】 because of the effect of skyscrapers on airflow. Rainfall is also increased in cities. The cause appears to be in part greater turbulence in the urban atmosphere as hot air rises from the builtup surface.10. According to paragraph 5, surfaces in the city are generally drier than surfaces in the countryside between periods of rainfall because○ in the city gentle rain is much more mon than heavy rain○ high temperatures in the city speed up the process of evaporation○ in the city there are longer periods of dry weather between episodes of rain○ rainwater in the city cannot soak into most surfaces and quickly runs off12. According to paragraph 5, which of the following is a factor responsible for the greater air turbulence in urban environments?○ The high speed of the winds travelling above cities○ The greater rainfall totals recorded in cities○ Attempts to reduce urban air pollution○ The effects of tall buildings on airflow2332 Paragraph 1: Ever since European first explored Australia, people have been trying to understand the ancient rock drawings and cavings created by the Aborigines, the original inhabitants of the continent. Early in the nineteenth century, encounters with Aboriginal rock art tended to be infrequent and open to speculative interpretation, but since the late nineteenth century, awareness of the extent and variety of Australian rock art has been growing. In the latter decades of the twentieth century there were intensified efforts to understand and record the abundance of Australian rock art.2. According to paragraph 1, the twentiethcentury approach to studying Australian rock art was different from earlier approaches because the twentiethcentury approach○ recognized that many different groups of Aborigines created Australian rock art○ concentrated on a limited range of Aboriginal rock art○ examined Aboriginal art from an Aboriginal rather than from a European perspective○ focused more intensely on understanding and documenting rock art1216 Paragraph 3: Clues to righthandedness can also be found by other methods. Righthanders tend to have longer, stronger, and more muscular bones on the right side, and Marcellin Boule as long ago as 1911 noted the La ChapelleauxSaints Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left. Similar observations have been made on other Neanderthal skeletons such as La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal itself.6. According to paragraph 3, the La ChapelleauxSaints Neanderthal skeleton can be identified as righthanded because○ other Neanderthal skeletons found nearby are also righthanded○ the right arm bone is stronger than the left○ it is similar to skeletons of La Ferrassie I and Neanderthal○ the right side of the skeleton shows less evidence of fractures1315 Paragraph 3: Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups。 we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they e to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.5. According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and secondary groups?○ Primary groups consist of people working together, while secondary groups exist outside of work settings.○ In primary groups people are seen as means, while in secondary groups people are seen as ends.○ Primary groups involve personal relationships, while secondary groups are mainly practical in purpose.○ Primary groups are generally small, while secondary groups often contain more than two people.1238 Paragraph 6: Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated (unsolidified) sediments or in the openings widened through fractures and weathering. The watersaturated rock or sediment is known as an aquifer. Because they are porous, sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones and conglomerates, are important potential sources of groundwater. Large quantities of water may also be stored in limestones when joints and cracks have been enlarged to form cavities. Most limestone and sandstone aquifers are deep and extensive but may contain groundwaters that are not being recharged. Most shallow aquifers in sand and gravel deposits produce lower yields, but they can be rapidly recharged. Some deep aquifers are known as fossil waters. The term fossil describes water that has been present for several thousand years. These aquifers became saturated more than 10,000 years ago and are no longer being recharged.8. According to paragraph 6, which of the following statements about aquifers in deserts is true?○Water from limestone and sandstone aquifers is generally better to drink than water from sand and gravel aquifers○Sand and gravel aquifers tend to contain less groundwater than limestone or sandstone aquifers ○Groundwater in deep aquifers is more likely to be recharged than groundwater in shallow aquifers ○Sedimentary rocks, because they are porous, are not capable of storing large amounts of groundwater 1331 Paragraph 1: In the study of perceptual abilities of infants, a number of techniques are used to determine infants39。s state prior to the introduction of a stimulus with its state during or immediately following the stimulus. The difference between the two measures provides the researcher with an indication of the level and duration of the response to the stimulus. For example, if a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field o