【正文】 連接詞或詞組的掌握和運(yùn)用，要求文章句子內(nèi)部與句子之間通順連貫，不突兀。表達(dá)清楚、條理清晰——本要求考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握，要求文章主題觀點(diǎn)明確，有頭有尾，論證說(shuō)明安排有主次，有輕重。切題——所謂切題是指在形式上諸如段落、字?jǐn)?shù)、文體、格式等方面滿足題目要求，并在內(nèi)容上沒(méi)有偏差。四級(jí)作文范文檔的要求是：切題；表達(dá)思想清楚、文字通順，連貫性較好；基本無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。寫作時(shí)一定要字跡清楚整齊，緊扣題目，注意語(yǔ)法的正確使用，最好能夠準(zhǔn)確多變地運(yùn)用詞匯。熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題、圖表或漫畫、正反論證以及針對(duì)某種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因與對(duì)策等方面的題目最有可能出現(xiàn)。2011年6月19日英語(yǔ)新四級(jí)寫作講義一、 來(lái)自教育部的聲音第一部分為30分鐘的短文寫作，分?jǐn)?shù)占總分的15%。在新四級(jí)考試中，短文寫作和過(guò)去相比改動(dòng)不大，出題風(fēng)格和過(guò)去的四級(jí)考試作文基本相同。多讀各個(gè)類型的范文，模仿并背誦其中的精華部分有助于提高寫作水平。二、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)新四級(jí)寫作基本要求　　寫作能力測(cè)試部分比例為15%，體裁包括議論文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文等。該要求蘊(yùn)涵著大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作的四個(gè)基本考點(diǎn)： 　　　　　　　　三、歷史的聲音我們對(duì)真題寫作的抽樣分析表明，考生的寫作成績(jī)并不理想。溫馨提示：幫你對(duì)自己有個(gè)最初的評(píng)價(jià) ●一篇好的作文應(yīng)基本達(dá)到：有較好的寫作基礎(chǔ)，文章流暢，遣詞造句恰當(dāng)，文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整，內(nèi)容符合要求；語(yǔ)法基本正確；句法基本準(zhǔn)確，句子與句子，段落與段落之間過(guò)渡連貫；有一定詞匯量，字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求；說(shuō)理清楚，內(nèi)容充實(shí)。綜上所述，考生一定要洞悉考研英語(yǔ)大綱對(duì)寫作部分的高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)涉及以下六個(gè)方面：內(nèi)容切題。文不對(duì)題會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響成績(jī)，導(dǎo)致寫作失敗。語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確，條理清楚；主題明確。遣詞造句得當(dāng)，表達(dá)連貫平穩(wěn)。句式有變化。常用句式包括簡(jiǎn)單句；并列句；復(fù)合句；主被動(dòng)句；長(zhǎng)句；短句；否定句；雙重否定句；疑問(wèn)句；反問(wèn)句；倒裝句；強(qiáng)調(diào)句；插入句；獨(dú)立主格成分等。避免重復(fù)使用同一詞匯，可適當(dāng)使用代詞；同義詞；近義詞；關(guān)聯(lián)詞；使表達(dá)富有動(dòng)感。語(yǔ)言規(guī)范。四、考研英語(yǔ)文章的段落寫作和常規(guī)整體構(gòu)建模式（一）文章的段落的寫作一篇文章可由幾個(gè)自然段組成。好的段落必須是意思完整，語(yǔ)義連貫，完全體現(xiàn)文章主旨中心，同時(shí)又是層次分明，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)用合理的。（2）擴(kuò)展句（Developing Sentence）:說(shuō)明和支持主題。主題句……擴(kuò)展句3擴(kuò)展句2擴(kuò)展句1結(jié)尾句段落的主題一篇文章有中心意思，也就是題目。每個(gè)段落只能有一個(gè)主題（central idea），它用一個(gè)句子加以表達(dá)，所以稱為主題句。最后得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，并用一個(gè)結(jié)尾句表達(dá)。位置：主題句一般位于段首，也可置于段尾或段中，考生最好放在段首，這樣較易掌握和構(gòu)思。開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地提出問(wèn)題，后面的擴(kuò)展句圍繞主題句加以說(shuō)明、支持、補(bǔ)充和解釋。擴(kuò)展句緊扣主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞而展開(kāi)，句子與句子之間邏輯清楚，上下轉(zhuǎn)承結(jié)合得當(dāng)，簡(jiǎn)明扼要，重點(diǎn)突出。所以，寫好了擴(kuò)展句便基本上完成一個(gè)自然段落。過(guò)渡詞在句子與句子之間、段落與段落之間起到承上啟下的作用，使句子或段落之間的銜接自然、連貫，邏輯合理，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，因此極為重要。表示列舉或例證法常用的表達(dá)方法有：for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, to illustrate, one example is, to begin with, first, second, furthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, finally, in conclusion, in summary, also, a case in point, as an illustration, incidentally, namely, that is等。表示定義常用的表達(dá)方法有：what is …？, to be defined as, to refer to, the definition of …is…, to be used to describe, in a very real sense, this is, this means, be explained, it states that, in other words, namely等。（二）文章的常規(guī)整體構(gòu)建模式對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)，了解一點(diǎn)作文考試常用的文體知識(shí)很有必要。在實(shí)際寫作中，這幾種文體常常交叉使用，相輔相成，但主體仍以一種為主，其他為輔。議論文（Argumentation）作者對(duì)某一問(wèn)題或事件直接或間接地進(jìn)行分析評(píng)論，表明自己的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、主張，這就是議論。議論文的寫作要注意三個(gè)要素：；，進(jìn)行論證；?？梢詮恼嬲撟C，也可以從反面進(jìn)行反駁。文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過(guò)渡詞來(lái)完成，在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。例如：China’s entry into WTO （啟） Nowadays there has been a widespread concern among the general public over China’s entry into WTO, which is widely seen to bring us a blessing and promising future. It seems to be so at first sight. However, on reflection, we’re convinced that it’s just another doubleedged sword. （承）On one hand, China is to enjoy the benefits that the organization provides us. Lower tariffs and tax rates and fewer trade barriers will facilitate our swift and efficient imports and exports and other trade activities. According to the trade clauses of the WTO, the European Union shall cut down the tax rates it imposes on our exported textile products, thus availing the artsandcrafts panies in our country to extract more profits from the business. In a sense, the WTO means opportunity, and it sets the stage for our business to cut a brilliant figure in the international economic circles. （轉(zhuǎn)） On the other hand, the entry will impose some negative effects on China. China’s national economy is set to be faced with fierce petition from the outside world. WTO pursues a relatively equal and free business environment for all its members, which poses a major challenge for our economy. Such monopolized business sectors used to enjoy protections from governments of all levels as telemunications and banking will find themselves no longer in a “safe box”. They have to adjust or replace their current operative and marketing strategies to cope with the “outdoors” shrewd and talented petitors, or they will suffer big losses and tough time is awaiting them. （合）Whatever the reason, the early entry into WTO is beneficial to our country and our life. We should make good use of the chances and meanwhile suitably deal with the outside petition. All our efforts are to upgrade our business scales and get more integrated into the international business munity.常規(guī)段落構(gòu)建模式考研英語(yǔ)寫作的文章一般包括一個(gè)開(kāi)頭段、若干擴(kuò)展段和一個(gè)結(jié)尾段。各種段落的作用，特點(diǎn)和寫作方法如下所示。開(kāi)頭段一般不對(duì)主題進(jìn)行深入的探討，具體的論證或敘述應(yīng)該在擴(kuò)展段進(jìn)行。開(kāi)頭段的使用方法使用引語(yǔ) （use a quotation）使用一段名人名言，或人們常用的諺語(yǔ)，習(xí)語(yǔ)，以確定文章的寫作和方向，例：“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.使用具體詳實(shí)的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù) （use figures or statistics ）引用一些具體詳實(shí)的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)，然后做出概括性分析，指明問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)所在，例：In the past 5 years there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children, pared with the 1993 level of 8 percent.提出問(wèn)題 (ask a question) 提出有爭(zhēng)議或探討性的具體問(wèn)題，然后加以簡(jiǎn)要回答或展開(kāi)引導(dǎo)性簡(jiǎn)短討論，例：What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Workbased friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provide more than material things.給出背景 (offer relevant background)描述具體事件的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和發(fā)生背景等，例：Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare in newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern.定義法 (give definition)針對(duì)討論的主題或問(wèn)題加以定義，然后進(jìn)行深入探討，例：Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidit