【正文】 。如果用詞不當，句不成句，語法錯誤連篇累牘的話，拿12分以上是天方夜譚。 考生在練習了一段時間的考研寫作之后，往往發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容和結構相對已經(jīng)能夠把握，但依然出現(xiàn)眾多語言錯誤。銜接手段主要有語法手段（照應、省略、替代、連接）、和詞匯手段（重復、同義反義、上下義、具體籠統(tǒng)、語義場）。層次要清晰，要有邏輯性。一般說來，在提出論點（thesis statement）的時候要明確清晰。 考生寫作的時候，可能內(nèi)容方面都面面俱到，而且也寫了三段，但是每段話內(nèi)部缺少有機聯(lián)系。段落要有主體句，要按照一定的邏輯框架寫作。題目中的要點，一個都不能少。題目中一般有三條要求，考生完全可以相應地寫三段話回應。 考生文章條理方面的缺乏往往是因為沒有緊扣題目要求（directions）所造成?？忌苊鈻|拉西扯加上與題目無關的內(nèi)容。在平時練習的時候，考生可以采取用歷年真題來練筆。審題可能涉及到題目、提綱、圖畫圖表、及文字說明等幾個方面?？忌淖魑膽撌菍τ陬}目的合理回應（response to the task requirement）?？佳杏⒄Z寫作屬于非開放性話題（controlled writing），不是可以隨意創(chuàng)作的。2．有話可說，但不對路。其次，要做到有話可說，還應該掌握一些基本的構思方法。首先，考生不能臨時抱佛腳，寄希望于背幾篇范文照抄，而是應該多看報紙雜志，擴大知識面，關注普遍性的社會話題。事實上，考研英語寫作一般考的是人們普遍關注的社會性話題，既不出偏題怪題，也極少出現(xiàn)過于復雜的熱門話題?？佳杏⒄Z寫作常見問題與對策作者：日期：考研英語寫作常見問題及對策1．無話可說，難以下筆。 這主要是由于考生平時很少看文章，很少構思所導致。要做到考試的時候寫作不愁內(nèi)容，一方面在于平時的積累，另一方面在于正確的構思。如果看的是中文的，主要應該從內(nèi)容方面了解，如果看的是英文的，還可以同時積累一些常用表達。比如，考生可以用歸納法（induction）構思，然后以演繹法（deduction）寫作。 有的考生不愁沒話說，甚至洋洋灑灑，但沒有說到點子上，導致嚴重跑題?？忌鷳搰栏癜凑疹}目要求進行。因此，在寫作的時候，考生要注意仔細審題。對于題目中的解釋性文字和圖畫圖表要仔細理解斟酌。自己先寫一遍，然后看看高分作文是怎么寫的，分析琢磨好的作文，進行模仿和學習。3．文章安排，極不合理?，F(xiàn)行考研英語作文一般采用三段論的布局。文章不分段或者分段過多都是不合理的。不能忽略題目中的提示，以免結構混亂失衡。4．結構混亂，缺乏關聯(lián)。這主要是因為沒有采用正確的論證方法和文章銜接手段（cohesive devices）運用不成功造成。在進行論證的時候要運用恰當?shù)恼Z篇模式（如exemplification舉例說明，cause and effect因果論證, parison and contrast比較對比等 ）。闡述要合乎情理，銜接要流暢。5．語言表達，錯誤眾多。事實上，12分以上的作文，在內(nèi)容和結構方面已經(jīng)很少有什么差異，區(qū)別主要就在語言質(zhì)量上?？忌鷳撛诹私饣菊Z法的基礎上掌握語言的基本運用。這可以通過反復寫作反復修改以及學習琢磨范文加以提高。 許多考生的作文錯誤倒不多，相當符合語法要求，但用詞貧乏，過多使用如more and more, I think, as you know等表達，并且句子結構過于簡單。用詞的豐富和句式的多樣應該主要通過多看好文章，仔細琢磨好文章中的用詞和句子來提高。7．時間限制，無法完成。作文考試，既要求有準確度，又要求有速度。要想做到寫作既快又好，別無捷徑，只有靠多寫多練。 如果考生由于龍飛鳳舞，字跡混亂，從而導致閱卷老師在判卷的時候發(fā)生理解上的障礙，那么就會導致失分?？佳杏⒄Z寫作步驟審題（Analyze the question）構思（Brainstorm）列提綱（Outline）寫作（Write up）檢查（Check up）許多考生在寫作文的時候由于擔心時間不夠，往往拿到題目以后就立刻開始寫。以下三步驟寫作流程能幫助考生有條不紊地寫作。拿到題目先花1分鐘仔細審題（Analyze the question），多看幾遍。還要把題目中的核心詞（key words）劃出來。想一想這道題考的是什么方面的話題，應該從哪些方面展開，可以有什么樣的論據(jù)。列提綱不是給閱卷老師看的，而是讓自己寫作文的時候有一個基本清晰的框架結構，可以用英文，也可以用中文。第二個步驟是Write up（著手寫）。如果說在第一個步驟里面考生主要應該關注寫作的內(nèi)容的話，那么在本步驟里面則是根據(jù)第一步驟的成果用通順流暢的表達進行具體的論證說明。許多考生不注意寫完以后檢查文章當中的語法、詞匯、拼寫和標點等方面的錯誤導致失分。考研英語寫作題型分類可以用很多種方法對考研英語寫作進行分類。空調(diào)已經(jīng)成為繼VCD、彩電后又一個家電企業(yè)力拼的市場。近日，空調(diào)企業(yè)又想出了新花樣：舉辦空調(diào)流行趨勢發(fā)布會。同時，許多空調(diào)大企業(yè)都聲稱他們不會去挑起空調(diào)價格戰(zhàn)。2. A true friend is one soul in two bodies. (prov.) 摯友如異體同心?！茽栴D4. Love is rarer than genius itself. And friendship is rarer than love. ——C. Peguy愛甚至比天才還少見，而友誼比愛更少見。6. Prosperity makes friends, and adversity tries them. (pron.) 興旺時節(jié)交朋友，艱難處境驗交情。(欲知其人，先觀其友?！惶m克林9. All are not friends that speak us fair. (pron.) 說我們好話的未必全是朋友。比較法：For years it had been viewed as…But nowPeople used to think… But things are differentSeveral years ago, people…NowAfter a good many years of efforts…, people beginIt is a traditional way to… But now the pendulumThroughout our livesIn recent years, there is a steady shift故事法：Last Sunday I… The story is not rareOnce in a street, … The problem has drawn public attentionI have a friend who…Such a dilemma we often meetOnce upon a time…The story still has a realistic significanceA factory worker who…問題法：Should…? Opinions vary greatlyWhat do you think…?Why…? Many people pose the question like thisWhy?… of all the plaints常用于結尾的句型：結論性：From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusionThe evidence upon all sides points toIn summary, it is importantIn conclusion, I would like to sayThe real lesson to be learnt后果性：We must search for a quick action, because ifObviously, if we ignore the problem, it is likelyAny person who ignores the warning wouldWe need to take a second look at…, otherwise號召性：It might be time to take the warningIt is time that we urged an end toIt is necessary that steps should be takenThere is no doubt that attention must be paidObviously…If we are to…, it is essential建議性：It is hoped that efforts be madeIn short, we shouldWhat we need isIt is high time… Here are a few examplesWhile it cannot be solved immediately, still there are waysAwareness of the problem is the first stepIf we are to succeed as a people方向性：Many solutions are being offered hereThere is no easy method, but…might be helpfulNo easy method is at hand, but…might be the first stepOne’s first reaction to such suggestionsWhat will happen to…? One thing is certainTo…is not an easy job, and it requires a different outlookIt is clear that the task demands great effortsWe have done…But we will achieve more ifTrue, there may be questions we can not answerThe great challenge today isWe may have a long way to go beforeThere is no better time to start thanIt remains to be seen whether意義性：Following these methods may not.., but the payoff might be worth the effortCertainly,…but it willThe importance cannot be overemphasizedAnyhow it has a farreaching influenceTo participate in…is an experience…The problem is something no one can avoidWe are now entering a new era which calls forAnyhow, whether it is good or not, one thing is certain引言性：“….”Edison is right in sayingA long time ago, a great man said…, says a great manIf we want to achieve our successI agree with the writerAs Lincoln once remarked提問性：if we consider…, is itCan anyone really doubt故事性：Years ago, I heard a story原因結果句型：基本原因：There are many reasons forWhy…? For one thingIt is no easy job to advance the reasonsIt is fairly easy to identify the reasonThe answer to this problem involves many factorsThe reasons are varied. They includeThanks toThe increase mainly stems from the fact…partly because…, partly because…not because…, but because…not e from…, but fromOne may attribute the change toOne tends to view the trend as a response toOne may trace this problem back toThat’s the reason whyA number of factors could account for the successA number of factors, both individual and social, affectThese factors, coupled with the growth of…, lead to