【正文】 d and still succeeded in the fame game.你可能答不上來(lái)哪些人沒(méi)有妥協(xié)，卻仍然在這場(chǎng)名利的游戲中獲勝。王爾德，他在社交行為和性行為方面以我行我素而聞名于世。 The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son.在一次宴會(huì)上，他一位密友的母親當(dāng)著他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指責(zé)他在性方面影響了她的兒子。s mother, asserting that she had damaged his good name.他聽了她的話以后大為光火，起訴了這個(gè)年輕人的母親，聲稱她毀了自己的“好”名聲。 The judge did not second Wilde39。 He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor.他由于拒交罰款最終還被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。 When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense.在最糟糕的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有一個(gè)人愿意拿自己的名聲冒險(xiǎn)來(lái)替他說(shuō)話。 Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom!奇怪的是，收獲最大的恰恰是失敗者。 Failed artists may find fort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out.失敗的藝術(shù)家尋求安慰時(shí)，可以想想許多偉大的藝術(shù)家都是過(guò)世多年以后才成名，或是他們沒(méi)有出賣自己。 Singleminded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed.那些失敗了卻仍不肯放棄的頑固派也許會(huì)樂(lè)于知道，某些名人曾經(jīng)如何越挫越勇，直至成功。伍爾芙的第一本小說(shuō)《向家鄉(xiāng)看吧，安琪兒》被拒39次后，才最終得以出版。 And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education.19世紀(jì)瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齊原先干的工作沒(méi)有一件成功，直到他想到去教小孩子，并研究出一種新型教育模式的基礎(chǔ)理論。愛(ài)迪生在四年級(jí)時(shí)被趕出了學(xué)校，因?yàn)槔蠋熡X(jué)得他似乎太遲鈍。 I say to those who 45desperately/45 seek fame and fortune: good luck.對(duì)那些孤注一擲的追名逐利之徒，我要說(shuō)：祝你們好運(yùn)。 The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail.狗自逐其尾所得到的只是一條尾巴而已。 So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do.所以要為真實(shí)的你、為自己的所為感到高興，而不是拼命去獲得成功。 Maybe you won39。Unit 2He was born in a poor area of South London. 他出生在倫敦南部的一個(gè)貧困地區(qū)。s old red stockings cut down for ankle socks. 他穿的短襪是從媽媽的紅色長(zhǎng)襪上剪下來(lái)的。 Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin39。卓別林的童年故事， But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great ic character of the Tramp, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.但只有查理 Other countries—France, Italy, Spain, even Japan—have provided more applause (and profit) where Chaplin is concerned than the land of his birth.就卓別林而言，其他國(guó)家，如法國(guó)、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本，都比他的出生地給予了他更多的掌聲（和更多的收益）。在那里，他被星探招募到好萊塢喜劇片之王麥克 Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chaplin39。 Certainly middleclass audiences did。勞動(dòng)階層反倒更有可能為這樣一個(gè)反抗權(quán)勢(shì)的角色拍手喝彩：他以頑皮的小拐杖使絆子，或用皮靴后跟對(duì)準(zhǔn)權(quán)勢(shì)者肥大的臀部踢一下。s ic beggar didn39。 English tramps didn39。 Then again, the Tramp39。s how foreigners behaved, wasn39。 Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find the right voice for his Tramp. 事實(shí)上，當(dāng)卓別林再也無(wú)法抵制有聲電影，不得不為他的“流浪漢”尋找“合適的聲音”時(shí)，他確實(shí)很頭疼。在片中，他扮演一名侍者，滿口胡言亂語(yǔ)，聽起來(lái)不像任何國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言。d e down in the world. 后來(lái)他說(shuō)，他想象中的“流浪漢”是一位受過(guò)大學(xué)教育，但已經(jīng)沒(méi)落的紳士。d been able to speak with an educated accent in those early short edies, it39。沒(méi)有人知道卓別林這么干是不是有意的，但這促使他獲得了巨大的成功。 His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master. 他的巨大名聲為他帶來(lái)了自由，更重要的是帶來(lái)了財(cái)富，他因此得以成為自己的主人。 It can39。那可能嗎？瞧這角色多么與眾不同??！” But that shock roused his imagination. 這種震驚喚起了他的想象。t have his jokes written into a script in advance。他是那種邊表演邊根據(jù)感覺(jué)去創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)的喜劇演員。 He turned them into other kinds of objects. 他將這些物體想象成其他東西。 boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones). 因此，在《當(dāng)鋪老板》中，一個(gè)壞鬧鐘變成了正在接受手術(shù)的“病人”；在《淘金記》中，靴子被放在鍋里煮，靴底被蘸著鹽和胡椒吃掉，就像上好的魚片一樣（鞋釘就像魚骨那樣被剔除）。s great edy.這種對(duì)事物的轉(zhuǎn)化，以及他一次又一次做出這種轉(zhuǎn)化的技巧，正是卓別林偉大喜劇的奧秘所在。 The two were hard to bine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster. 這兩者很難結(jié)合在一起，有時(shí)這種沖突導(dǎo)致了災(zāi)難，就像他早期的幾次婚姻那樣。 The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who39。 while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women. “流浪漢”始終沒(méi)有失去對(duì)賣花女的信心，相信她正等待著與自己共同走進(jìn)夕陽(yáng)之中；而卓別林的另一面使他的凡爾杜先生，一個(gè)殺了妻子的法國(guó)人，成為了仇恨女人的象征。s a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him. 令人寬慰的是，生活最終把卓別林先前沒(méi)能獲得的穩(wěn)定和幸福給了他。Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which had seemed so threatening, that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who39。奧尼爾她的沉穩(wěn)和深情跨越了他們之間37歲的年齡差距。 As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin39。后來(lái)在他那個(gè)有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓別林有時(shí)會(huì)引發(fā)爭(zhēng)吵，而她則成了安寧的中心。 A few months later, a couple of almost ic body thieves stole his body from the family burial chamber and held it for money. 幾個(gè)月后，幾個(gè)近乎可笑的盜尸者從他的家庭墓室盜走了他的尸體以借此詐錢。s clumsy Keystone Cops would have done, but one can39。塞納特拍攝的啟斯東喜劇片中的笨拙警察要高得多。Unit3 A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it. 人人都覺(jué)得福利救濟(jì)對(duì)象是在騙人。為了能領(lǐng)到一點(diǎn)額外的福利款， They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. 他們告訴政府說(shuō)他們實(shí)際上少拿了200美元的養(yǎng)老金， Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars.或告訴社會(huì)工作者，說(shuō)房東又將房租漲了100 美元。 I even tell welfare how much I make! 我甚至還告訴福利機(jī)構(gòu)我賺了多少錢！ Oh, I39。 They keep my records, and that information goes right into the government39。 Very highprofile.真是態(tài)度鮮明，毫不含糊。m expected to bow bef