【正文】 復(fù)合句在主句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。例：1. Whose watch was lost is unknown.2．Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.3. Who will be our monitor hasn39。例：It is a pity that we won39。可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。 I have no idea when he will e back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。分為條件狀語(yǔ)從句，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，方式狀語(yǔ)從句，比較狀語(yǔ)從句，原因狀語(yǔ)從句，目的狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句等. 也可以分作真實(shí)條件從句與非真實(shí)條件從句（虛擬）。1．條件狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句表示條件，“假如”例：If you often take exercise, you will enjoy a good health.Unless it rains, the game will be played.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it to yourself.Supposing anything should go wrong, what would you do then ?He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.So long as you are happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.Take your umbrella in case it rains.，此時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣例：If I were you, I would invite him to the party.I would have arrived much earlier, if I had not been caught in the traffic.，但也可以是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.But for your help, we should not have finished in time.2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間，主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常需要保持一致。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛到家，就被邀請(qǐng)開(kāi)始另一旅程。 　　　He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個(gè)阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。 　3. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導(dǎo)例：Always do to the others as you would be done by.He talks as if/though he is drunk.Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.句型 A is to B what C is to D如：Water is to fish what air is to man.4. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句表示地點(diǎn)、 方位， 這類(lèi)從句通常由where引導(dǎo)。I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導(dǎo)。由連詞 though, although引導(dǎo). though, although當(dāng)雖然講, 都不能和but連用，但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用.Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 　Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分，去掉it is （was）… that (who)..,句子依然完整。分類(lèi)：不定式，動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) 做主語(yǔ)To learn a foreign language is not easy.It’s dangerous to drive very fast. 做表語(yǔ)My idea is to ring him up at once.All I did was wait here.如果主語(yǔ)部分含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，且作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞又是“do”的內(nèi)容，這時(shí)表語(yǔ)不定式的“to”可以省略。 help后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), to可有可無(wú)　　She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’t e. 3. 兩種情況下的動(dòng)詞不定式在改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子時(shí),必須將省略的to還原,也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)詞后需跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式.　　We heard him sing every day. 224。動(dòng)名詞做狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，方式，伴隨等。 Time permitting。 做表語(yǔ)The glass is broken. 做狀語(yǔ)Not written interestingly, the book doesn’t sell well. （原因）Repaired, the car runs very well. （作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）He came into the room, followed by his students. (作伴隨狀語(yǔ))Given more time, I can do it better. (作條件狀語(yǔ))Warned many times, he didn’t pay enough attention to it. (作讓步狀語(yǔ))注意：通常只能用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的含義，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。 主謂一致語(yǔ)法部分主謂一致：語(yǔ)法形式一致原則，邏輯意義一致原則，就近一致原則1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. ②由and 或both …and 來(lái)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting. 連接，但可以看做一套時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)?！　? Each boy and each girl has got a seat. ③many a +單數(shù)名詞，more than one +單數(shù)名詞，盡管意義表示的是不止一人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Most of the students in our class are league.Most of the food tastes delicious.⑦如果主語(yǔ)由“a kind of, this/that kind of, a series/a species of, a pair of，”修飾的名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Apples of this kind are highly priced.2. 邏輯意義一致原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意義的單復(fù)數(shù)。Cattle are farmer’s friends.The trousers are not expensive.②主語(yǔ)是：family, class, army, enemy, crew, public, team, group, crowd, audience, government 等名詞時(shí)，如果是作為整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Furniture is chiefly made of wood. Poetry was blooming in China in the Tang dynasty. ④主語(yǔ)是：時(shí)間，距離，價(jià)格, 重量，長(zhǎng)度等名詞，即使是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)。⑦主語(yǔ)是the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示……的數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of students in our school is large.A number of students in our school are from America.⑧the +形容詞，表示一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。One and a half oranges has been left on the table.3. 就近一致原則①there be 句型There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. ②either…or, neither… nor, not only…but also…, not…but.., or, whether …or…, Neither you nor I am a stranger here.Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go.③在倒裝句中，如果一個(gè)句子由 there或here引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用就近原則高考之虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣：用于表達(dá)一種假設(shè)情況、主觀愿望、請(qǐng)求建議等，即所說(shuō)內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反，或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性極小，或者是假想慮擬的情況。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the petition.（3）表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形，而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用would / should/could might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于名詞性從句（1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、mand、order等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形或是動(dòng)詞原形。作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“（should） + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.（4）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些簡(jiǎn)單句中的運(yùn)用。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close the door?其他注意項(xiàng)：, believe, think, suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定式或疑問(wèn)式后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，表示驚奇、懷疑和不滿等。I am glad that your novel should have won the first prize.3．should/would/could/might+do是一種表示禮貌，使口氣顯得委婉，謙虛的方式，與過(guò)去時(shí)毫不相干，因此在回答時(shí)，如需保留情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般要換成現(xiàn)在式。如果將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，稱之為完全倒裝；如果只將助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)前面，謂語(yǔ)的其他部