關于船舶污染的現(xiàn)狀及防治的調(diào)查報告-在線瀏覽
2025-05-10 05:22本頁面
【正文】 。港口的發(fā)展，船舶的增加所產(chǎn)生的大量的污染物質(zhì)，包括油類、有毒液體物質(zhì)、船舶生活污水和船舶垃圾等，則對區(qū)域內(nèi)生物的生存環(huán)境產(chǎn)生嚴重影響。光從1999年到2003年，上海海域發(fā)生的船舶溢油事故101起，溢油量達2319噸，平均每起事故溢油23噸。2006年，上海港集裝箱量吞吐量更是一舉突破2000萬標準箱（TEU），達2171萬TEU，成為世界第三大集裝箱港，這就意味著上海海域所負擔的環(huán)境壓力隨著上海港吞吐能力的提升在不斷的加重。 港口污染可分為水污染、大氣污染和噪聲污染。此外，還要采取以下措施。 國際海事組織對船舶污水的排放規(guī)定：在離海岸12海里以內(nèi)含油量不超過15毫克/升，大腸桿菌每100毫升不超過250個，懸浮固體不超過50毫克/升。 對大氣污染濃度限值，工業(yè)發(fā)達國家均規(guī)定有標準。中國規(guī)定，機械工作場所限制在85分貝以內(nèi)；干線道路兩側，晝間為70分貝，夜間為55分貝。其任務是：①監(jiān)督船舶排放污水、污物情況，取樣分析。監(jiān)測項目有油、氫離子濃度指數(shù)(pH)、電導率、懸浮物、化學需氧量(COD)、生物化學需氧量(BOD)、水溫，根據(jù)情況也可分析酚、氰、重金屬含量。 港口污染物的治理 主要有以下幾個方面： ① 對含油污水的處理。目前使用的油水分離器都是利用油水比重差的原理進行油水分離。為了提高水質(zhì)處理效果，有的還使用活性炭或聚丙烯纖維吸附裝置。中國設置的含油污水處理船或處理場，按船用油水分離器工作原理，在分離前靜置一段時間，分離大塊浮油，以減輕以后工序的負擔。用活性污泥法將油分解成水和二氧化碳，再沉淀分離活性污泥，含油量降至2～5毫克/升；最后加凝聚劑如硫酸鋁或熟石灰，使含油量降至1毫克/升。 ② 含毒洗艙水的處理。 ③ 生活污水的處理。前者是用需氧生物分解污水中有機物；后者是用固體分離、固體消毒后排放。不論固體垃圾或液體垃圾均可在船上設焚燒爐燒掉，一般船用焚燒爐的排氣灰塵每立方米不超過4克。 ⑤ 粉塵的治理。碼頭面上可用水沖洗，對沖洗后的污水進行處理。在工作場所和居民區(qū)之間設置林帶吸滯粉塵，效果較好。目前在我國，愈來愈多的新技術被應用于防治船舶污染，標志著我國在應對聯(lián)合國框架下的國際公約時，采取了更加積極的態(tài)度。 you don39。 your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seetagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as at charge you more than 35% of your pensation a damagesbased agreement, you should make sure you39。To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by , click onEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasfor the racist behaviour of their fans durings 21 win.Michel Platini, president of European football39。s actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionmen
研究報告相關推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1