【正文】
r a d輻射的總功率: 例題 1:一個理想的等方向性輻射源的輻射強度為 U0, 求其輻射的功率為多少,功率密度為多少? 04 UP r a d ??解: 20rUSav ?輻射的功率為 功率密度為 Directivity 方向系數(shù) Directivity (D) The ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all direction. 方向系數(shù) ( D) :在某方向上的輻射強度(一般取最大輻射強度)與平均輻射強度的比值 22m a x2m a x2m a x||||),(),(avvaav EESrSrUUD ???????220 0222m a x4s i n|),(|||rddrEE??????? ?? ??? ?? ? ???????20 02 s i n|),(|4ddE n例題 2:理想的等方向性輻射源的方向系數(shù)為多少? 解: 1m a x ??avUUD144s i n4s i n|),(|420 020 02????? ?? ? ????????????? ?? ? ddddEDn例題 3:電 基本振子 (電偶極子 ) 的方向系數(shù)為多少? 解: ? ?? ??? ? ?? ????????????20 0220 02 s i n|s i n|4s i n|),(|4ddddEDnsi n4si n40jrjrrrj I lEerj I lHerE E H H???????????????????????? ? ? ????384???? ?)(s i n20 03 ?? ?? ? ??? dd天線效率 Antenna Efficiency r a d r a din r a d lPPP P P? ???Prad the total power radiated by the antenna 輻射的功率 Pl the total power dissipated by the antenna in the form of ohmic losses 由于歐姆損耗而被天線消耗的功率 Antenna Gain 天線增益 Gain : the ratio of the intensity, in a given direction, to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna were radiation isotropically. The radiation intensity corresponding to the isotropically radiated power is equal to the power accepted (input) by the antenna divided by 4?. 增益:天線在某個方向上的輻射強度(一般取最大輻射強度)與有同樣輸入功率的 (無耗的 )等方向性天線的輻射強度之比。Chapter6 Antenna Basics 天線基礎 Horn Antenna 喇叭天線 偶極子 反射器 八木 宇田天線 微帶(貼片)天線 微帶(貼片)天線 天線陣 22211 c os2111 s i n400011 s i n4jrrjrrjrIlEejrrj I lEer j r rEHHj I lHer j r???????????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ? ? ???? ????????? ?????????????電基本振子 in tr in sic im p e d a n c e o f th e d ie l e c tr ic m e d iu m? ? ??介質(zhì)的本征波阻抗 I l I:等幅同相 r ? NearZone Fields 近區(qū)場 332c os2si n4si n40rrIlEjrIlEjrIlHrE H H?????????????????????????? ??? ? ? ??22211 c os2111 s i n400011 s i n4jrrjrrjrIlEejrrj I lEer j r rEHHj I lHer j r???????????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ? ? ???? ????????? ?????????????FarZone(Radiation) Fields 遠區(qū)場 si n4si n40jrjrrrj I lEerj I lHerE E H H???????????????????????? ? ? ????22211 c os2111 s i n400011 s i n4jrrjrrjrIlEejrrj I lEer j r rEHHj I lHer j r???????????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ? ? ???? ????????? ?????????????Spherical polar coordinates 球坐標 )s i n ( ?? ?22222222121)s i n (?????????????????????????zxzxxzx??2 2 2*22211 ( s in )22 32rrIlS E H a E H ar???? ?????? ? ? ???si n4si n40jrjrrrj I lEerj I lHerE E H H???????????????????????? ? ? ????Antenna Pattern 天線的方向圖 Common Types of Antenna Patterns 天線方向圖的一般類型