【正文】 ， done表被動(dòng)，時(shí)態(tài)一般為完成 ? Watching the movie, I cried. ? On/Upon receiving her letter, I was excited. ? Not believing her, I still lent her the money. ? In order to finish the weekend homework, we have to stay up late on Sunday and work hard on Monday morning. ? Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks. (A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that (B) Mount Saint Helens’ eruption in 1980 caused dust that (C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens (D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that (E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it 去掉 and試試？ ? Crossing and recrossing the stream, stepping on or over slippery rocks, and following a trail that grew steeper and steeper, the hikers soon realized how challenging their day would be. No error ? How to do? ? How doing/adj/adv? 非謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài) ? Having done, SVO 表已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 Having watched the movie twice, I still cried. Watching the movie the second time, I still cried. Not having experienced bungi, I’m eager to try. Having not… Not experiencing bungi, I’m eager to try. Because of not experiencing bungi, I’m eager to try. Because of having not experiencing bungi, I’m eager to try. ? done表示被動(dòng)和完成動(dòng)作，可以表示完成，一般不用having been done Told many times, he still made the same having been told Given/ Granted a gift of counting, he … ? In 1850 Jim Beckwourth, a black American explorer, discovered in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada a pass soon being an important gateway to California goldrush country. No error ? soon to bee ? which would soon bee 非謂語(yǔ)的平行省略 ? SVO, and SVO. S一致時(shí)第二個(gè) S可省略或者用代詞， V也一致時(shí)更要省略 ,后句的 be動(dòng)詞甚至也可以省略，但盡量 主語(yǔ)主動(dòng) 一致 ? His hair is green and his teeth red. ? do, do, and do 可換成 doing, to do, adj, 平行；只要邏輯通順，不一定是絕對(duì)平行 ? Doing, doing and doing同樣可以做主語(yǔ) 非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ) 邏輯一致 By practicing hard, our ability can be improved. ?By practicing hard, we can improve our ability. ?By hard practice, our ability/we can… ?By our practicing hard, our ability can be improved. ?By us practicing hard, our ability can be improved. Dressed in red, the girl entered the hall of the banquet. Seating/Seated in sofa, I feel fortable. 垂懸分詞 Doing done與后面的邏輯主語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān) ? Taking something into consideration,… ? Taking … into all accounts,… ? Judging from…, … ? Generally speaking,… 連詞 +doing ? When/while/if/until/though/although +doing/done/n/adj ? 省略主語(yǔ) +be動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致 ? 沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)，只表示一般狀態(tài)和進(jìn)行狀態(tài) ? Because/since/as/for表原因不加 doing，只能加句子，可以換成 because of/due to/ according to/thanks to +doing ? after/before只加 doing不加 done， 表完成動(dòng)作 ,可以不用加 having done,主語(yǔ)為主句的 S ? 加被動(dòng)為 being done After being elected the monitor, he made a passionate speech. 介詞 +doing ? 介詞 +doing，要看后面的邏輯主語(yǔ) ? by/through/on/in/of doing, SVO. ? 被動(dòng)為 being done, 不能直接加 done,主語(yǔ)為主句的 S ? 連詞 +do，要看后面的邏輯主語(yǔ) ? In order to do…, SVO. ? In order to make us happy, we are given a threeday vacation by school. ? By practicing hard, we can succeed. ? I am looking forward to being elected the monitor. ? 2021年 1月 106 With結(jié)構(gòu) with sb/sth + to do/doing/done/adj/adv 做伴隨狀態(tài)，非主句 ? With是介詞，不能加完整句子 With eyes open, he died. With bells ringing, we left away. With lights turned off, we left. With a lot of work to do, we left. 獨(dú)立主格 ? S1+doing/done/adj（伴隨） , S2+V+O（主句） ? 相當(dāng)于省略句首的 with Eyes open, he died. Bells ringing, we left away. Lights turned off, we left. He died, his property donated and his ashes disseminated into the deep blue sea.（伴隨 /結(jié)果） ? A great owl flying low across a forest clearing, its wings beating quietly and its ultrasensitive ears tuned to the faint sounds made by small creatures concealed under leaves. 同位語(yǔ) 判斷主語(yǔ)還是同位語(yǔ) ? S,同位語(yǔ)， VO. ? 要判斷逗號(hào)前面的幾個(gè)名詞誰(shuí)是主語(yǔ)誰(shuí)是插入成分 ,判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 . ? 同位語(yǔ)不修飾人稱代詞 he, she, it, they等等 Rumor has it that he died. There is a rumor that he died. ? 同位語(yǔ) ,SVO ? 同位語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)保持一致，單復(fù)數(shù)和內(nèi)容一致 ? One of the best students, the boy was very mean. ? One of the best students, the background of the boy’s family is quite eminent. ? One of the best students, the boy’s background is quite eminent. ? A: The best teacher, ZF is very kind. ? B: The best teacher, he is very kind. ? C: As the best teacher, he is very kind. ? D: Being the best teacher, he is very kind. ? A,C 同位語(yǔ)在句尾 ? SVO， 同位語(yǔ) ? 同位語(yǔ)在最后可以表示 O的強(qiáng)調(diào)或者全句 ? He bought a good book, a book about SAT. ? He bought a book, a fact that we all knew. ? He bought a book, this fact that we all knew. ? this + n 不能做同位語(yǔ) ? He bought a book, which is this fact that we all knew. ? He died, a fact explaining why he hadn’t contacted us. ? Nicknamed the supergrain of the future, quinoa is a plete protein, one that contains all the necessary amino acids and is high in fiber. A. protein, one that contains all the necessary amino acids and is B. protein, it contains all the necessary amino acids and is C. protein, and containing all the necessary amino acids in addition to being D. protein that contained all the necessary amino acids and also is E. protein。 one is to study SAT, and the other is to study TOEFL. ? He has two jobs, one of which is to study SAT, and the other of which is to study TOEFL. ? He has two jobs, one to study SAT, and the other one to study TOEFL. ? He has two jobs : one is to study SAT, and the other is to study TOEFL. 名詞 主要是主謂一致 ? ，要找到實(shí)際的主語(yǔ)： as well as,with, together with, along with, together with, rather than, except, including, besides, in addition to, not ZF with his parents __ over there. ? 名詞 間用 and, both…and連接一般為復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ) ， 注意 ： ? needle and thread ? knife and fork ? bread and butter ? a teacher and poet/ a teacher a