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表語(yǔ) ) 1. This│is│an EnglishChinese dictionary. 2. The dinner│smells│good. 3. He│fell│in love. 4. Everything│looks│different. 5. He│is growing│tall and strong. 6. Our well│has gone│dry. 7. His face│turned│red. *There be 結(jié)構(gòu) : There be 表示 ‘ 存在有 ’ 。 此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞 , 表示 “ (存在 )有某事物 ” 。 系動(dòng)詞詞義不完整,在句中不能單獨(dú)使用(除省略句外),后面必須接有表語(yǔ),系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。 第一類:表示特征或狀態(tài)的 , 有 be, look, feel, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, turn out( 結(jié)果是 、 證明是 ) 等 。 He became a worldfamous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad. 第三類:表示保持狀態(tài)的 , 有 keep, remain, continue, stay等 。 The news was surprising.(分詞) His job is teaching English.(動(dòng)名詞) The only method is to give the child more help.(不定式) I must be off now.(副詞) The bridge is under construction.(介詞短語(yǔ)) That would be a great weight off my mind.(詞組) This is why he was late.(從句) 所有的系動(dòng)詞都可接形容詞作表語(yǔ),此處略舉數(shù)例。 She appears/ seems to be very young. He appears/ seems to have caught cold. They got to be friends。 That’ s why he fell ill. My idea is that we should help him. It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong. It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house. Your voice sounds as if you had a cold. It looks as if it is going to rain. 5 . 能接介詞短語(yǔ)的有: be, feel, look, sound, taste, remain等 。 He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday. They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave. The road is under repair. 其他系動(dòng)詞能和介詞搭配的范圍很小 。 ) The concert remains in my memory. 6. 能接分詞的系動(dòng)詞有: be, bee, get, grow, seem, appear等 。 He has bee/ got/ grown/ interested in modern physics。 系動(dòng)詞后還可接代詞 、 數(shù)詞 、 動(dòng)名詞 、 副詞及其詞組 , 基本都是 be的用法 。 page43 一 .縱觀歷年的高考題 , 對(duì)系動(dòng)詞的考查一直是高考中非常重要的熱點(diǎn)之一 , 對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)也是難點(diǎn)所在 。 二 . 對(duì)表示狀態(tài)變化的系動(dòng)詞的考查 英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的表示狀態(tài)變化的系動(dòng)詞有 get , turn , turn out (結(jié)果是 …… ), go , e (成為), fall , bee 等。 ① Sarah, hurry up. I39。t have time to _____ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change ② Be careful when you cross this very busy street, if not, you may _____ run over by a car. A. have B. get C. bee D. turn ③ As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 分析:例①②③中考查的是“ get +過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 2. 對(duì) go 的考查 系動(dòng)詞 go 的意義是 “ 變成 , 成為 ” , 后多跟形容詞 , 如 go bad, go mad, go wrong, go hungry, go sour 等 。 got 和 changed 不能與 pale 搭配起來(lái)表達(dá)這一狀態(tài)的變化,而 appeared 是表示狀態(tài)存在的系動(dòng)詞。 3. 對(duì) fall 的考查 系動(dòng)詞 fall 表示 “ ( 不知不覺(jué)地或突然地 ) 進(jìn)入 ……狀態(tài) ” , 后常跟形容詞 、 副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等 , 如: fall ill ( 生病 ) , fall apart ( 散開(kāi) ) , fall asleep, fall into a deep sleep ( 睡熟 ) 。 was falling B. was reading。 was falling D. read。句意是“她讀報(bào)時(shí),奶奶睡著了。 1. 對(duì) remain 的考查 系動(dòng)詞 remain 的意思是 “ 保持 , 繼續(xù) , 依然不變 ” ,后常接名詞 、 形容詞 、 副詞 、 介詞短語(yǔ) 、 不定式等 。例②中 remain poor 意為“仍然很差”, maintain 意為“維持,保持,繼續(xù)”,不與形容詞 poor 連用,所以正確答案是 B 。 ① The weather has stayed warm all week. ② Why don39。 3. 對(duì) appear 的考查 appear 的含義是 “ 似乎 , 好像 , 看來(lái) ( 如關(guān)于某人的性格 、 感情或意圖 ) ” , 此時(shí)不用進(jìn)行式 ,后接形容詞 、 名詞 、 動(dòng)詞不定式等 。 ② Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _______ everything. ( 上海 2022 ) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 分析:句意是 “ 一定要把一切真相告訴你媽媽。 ” 句中 tell 后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),故用不定式的被動(dòng)式,又因?yàn)?“ 知道一切 ” 發(fā)生在 “ 告訴真相 ” 之前,要用完成式。 4. 對(duì) feel 的考查 feel 的意思是“感覺(jué)是,似乎”,后常接形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。例①中 feel good 意為“感覺(jué)舒服”