【正文】
史成本、或有負(fù)債、特種準(zhǔn)備金等。例如:應(yīng)收票據(jù)貼現(xiàn),企業(yè)以應(yīng)收票據(jù)向銀行貼現(xiàn)時,因背書而在法律上負(fù)有連帶償還責(zé)任;即如果該票據(jù)到期不獲兌付,企業(yè)有責(zé)任代出票人或付款人向銀行兌付。 2022/2/4 國際會計 9 存貨計價 ? 存貨計價采用成本與市價孰低原則 (Cost or Market whichever is lower), 即存貨的成本低于市價時按成本計價 , 存貨的市價低于成本時按市價計價 。 1月份售出一半 ,收到貨款 $37500, 1月終存貨原始成本 $25000, 重置成本為 $20220。 ? 會計工作是通過數(shù)學(xué)計算與文字表達(dá)來反映客觀經(jīng)濟事物,如果教育水平低,對理解會計的人言,會計就發(fā)揮不出水平。 2022/2/4 國際會計 11 The accounting system is the oute of a plex process. ? Political and economic system ? Legal system ? Taxation system ? Corporate financing system ? Accounting profession ? Other influences 2022/2/4 國際會計 12 Studying development helps understand a nation’s accounting ? Sources of finance(籌資渠道) – who, how many, how close? – Equity markets ? Profits measure how well managers have run the pany. ? Accounting is used to assess cash flows, risks, and to value the firm. ? Extensive disclosures. – Banks ? Conservative earnings for creditor protection. ? Less extensive disclosures. 2022/2/4 國際會計 13 ? Legal system(法律體系) – Code law (成文法或民法) – Common law (普通法或判例法) ? Taxation(稅收) ? Political and economic ties (政治和經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系) ? Inflation (通貨膨脹) ? Level of economic development (經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平) ? Educational level (教育水平) ? Several variables are closely associated