【正文】 require/ insist that + do On condition that+ /一般過(guò)去時(shí) /一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ： Only if≠if。should≠if。if≠on condition that。just like≠ like。 the+more than, more than the Consider sth. sth. 不能有 as/ to be When:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，不能隨便改變?cè)涞膹木?，如變?if 條件狀從。 their wines are priced to sell, and they do. 5. According to United States Air Force officials, a cannon that shoots dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful in demonstrating what kind of damage can result when jets fly into a flock of large birds. 6. Despite protests from some wastedisposal panies, state health officials have ordered that the levels of bacteria in seawater at popular beaches be measured and the results published. 7. A president entering the final two years of a second term is likely to be at a severe disadvantage and is often unable to carry out a legislative program. 8. Artificial intelligence emerged during the late 1950’s as an academic discipline based on the assumption that puters could be programmed to think like people. 第四章 分詞和不定式（五看 句首 分詞邏輯與語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)是否一致， 六看動(dòng)詞后接的形式 ） 1. 分詞（ ing amp。不能作名詞的 定語(yǔ) ，引起歧義。 ed比 定語(yǔ)從句 簡(jiǎn)潔，除了帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)盡量改成 ed分詞。 Make believe+ do。 rather than do。不能用 as people can: 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)使用助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +V時(shí)省略 V destroying forests and continued use of: 回避邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題，不用 assessing ing強(qiáng)調(diào)多次性重復(fù)性客觀性 。 claim that encourage sb. to do。 encourage to be done. 不能隨意改變?cè)年P(guān)系，若改為 with，并列關(guān)系變?yōu)閺膶訇P(guān)系，改變了原句的重心 第五章 平行結(jié)構(gòu)（七看 平行連接詞兩邊是否對(duì)稱 ） 1. 形式對(duì)稱： And, or, but, yet, rather than, not only…but also, from…to, either…or, neither…nor, between..and, both..and, not…but rather, not…but, as well as. Be likely to do A, and be unable to do B。 n.+ …,…,and … 2. 概念對(duì)等 具體 n. Vs 抽象 n.。 3. 功能相同 不同類(lèi)型的從句 不 對(duì)稱； ing分詞與 ed分詞對(duì)稱。 in contrast to A, B… （ unlike/like 要放在句首，不要放在句尾） 2) 替代原則： : that。 6) 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)原則： twice as many/ much…as。 twice what…。 triple。 quintuple。 Sb. be % more likely to do sth. than to do sth. 7) 習(xí)慣搭配： as adj. a/an n. as…。 not…so much A as B。 no less/ more…than。 at least as great as。 as great as, or greater than,…。 the same as…。 do lik e。 練習(xí)： 1. Because natural gas is posed mostly of methane, a simple hydrocarbon, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less 同位語(yǔ)： a return to what… ；若用定語(yǔ)從句則只能修飾 land Rather than instead of Water ∈ resources Less of: adv. 較少地；不是 adj. of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel. 2. According to his own account, FredericAuguste Bartholdi, the sculptor of the Statue of Liberty, modeled the face of the statue after that of his mother and the body after that of his wife. 3. As a result of medical advances, many people who might once have died in childhood of such infections as diphtheria, pneumonia, or rheumatic fever now live well into old age. 4. Balding is much more mon among White males than among males of other races. 5. Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships poit out that dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do. 6. It is as difficult to prevent crimes against property as it is to prevent those against a person. 7. Owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations. 8. The guiding principles of the tax plan released by the Treasury department could have even greater significance for the economy than do the particulars of the plan. 9. Tiny quantities of more than thirty rare gases, most of them industrial byproducts, threaten to warm the Earth’s atmosphere even more rapidly over the next fifty years than carbon dioxide will. 10. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice what it was in the 1970’s. 11. Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent than in its government buidings. 12. Although fruit can no longer grow once it is piched, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, just as human beings do when they breathe. 第七章 修飾語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句 （十看 定語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞是否為要修飾的對(duì)象 ） 1. 就近修飾 原則 2. adj.: 多個(gè)前置修飾語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義類(lèi)別不同則之間不能加 and/, ；只能放在后面： the people questioned, the only place left, those selected, the material needed, the method adopted, the journalists surveyed。 前后都可以： available.