【正文】 cording to the passage”的字樣，因為有些看似不合理的信息卻是文中提到的。②偽造信息使用原文中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分詞，而在個別的小地方換掉幾個詞。③干擾項把別人的觀點或文中提到的觀點和作者的觀點相混淆?？忌诖痤}時一定要注意“ It is believed…” ，“ generally speaking”或“ in the author’s view”這類詞。④干擾項對文章歸納過頭或歸納不夠。 經(jīng)貿(mào)類題材 在 Task4中常見，近幾年比例有所增加，考生要在平時學(xué)習(xí)的過程中廣泛閱讀，積累大量的專業(yè)詞匯。人物類文體只有在 2021年 6月出現(xiàn)過，近兩年都沒有出現(xiàn)。 應(yīng)試策略 1，選擇題 ? 這種題型的提問方式多種多樣，這里分為四種：主旨題、細節(jié)題、推理題和詞匯題。下面對各個類型分別加以介紹： 1）主旨題 ? 主旨題是選擇題中常見的題型之一。 ? 常見的提問方式： The passage is about， ? The passage makes clear that… ? The main idea/point of the passage is… ? The passage is primarily concerned with．． ? A good title /The best title for the passage would be… ? What is the conclusion/view of the passage？ ? What does the passage mainly discuss？： ? Which statement best expresses the main idea of he passage？ ? What idea does the author want to convey in Para X… ？ ? Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage？ ? Which topic of the following best suits the passage？ ?有些文章中主旨句在段首或文章的開頭，明確主題，有些文章中主旨句在段末或文章的結(jié)尾，作為由事實引出的結(jié)論。 ?考生回答主旨題時還要特別 注意干擾項 的特點：有的干擾項只概括了局部信息，只是某個段落的細節(jié)或段落大意；有的干擾項概括的范圍過寬，超出了文章闡述的內(nèi)容；有的干擾項是無關(guān)信息，文中沒有提到，由文章本身也無法推斷出來。 Task 1 ? Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mount Everest（珠穆朗瑪峰）． It is the highest mountain in the world． But many people who have climbed the mountain have left waste material that is harming the environment． A team of Americans is planning the largest cleanup effort ever on Mount Everest． They will make the risky trip up the mountain next month． ? The team of eight Americans will be guided by more than twenty Sherpas of Nepal（尼泊夏爾巴人）． Their goal is to remove all the trash（廢物，垃圾） they see． They will spend two months cleaning up the mountain by gathering oxygen bottles， fuel containers， batteries， drink cans， human waste and other kinds of trash． They are expected to remove at least three tons of trash in large bags． ? Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his fourth trip up the mountain． He says he hopes to bring Everest to the condition it was in before the first successful climb fifty years ago． He says he hopes the effort will influence other people to clean up the environment closer home． ? Human waste on Everest is a major concern． So the cleanup team will take along newly developed equipment to collect and treat human waste． Over the years， the waste articles have polluted the mountain． In the warm season when the ice melts， the polluted water flows to Nepali villages below． The problem has gotten worse in recent years because climbing Everest has bee more popular． ? 40． What is probably the best title for this passage？ A） A risky Trip Up Mount Everest． B） Pollution on Mount Everest． C） Mount Everest－ clean－ up Effort． D） Robert Hoffman and His Clean－ up Team ． ［答案精解］本題要求選出最佳標題。因此答案應(yīng)該為 C。D干擾項也是只概括了局部細節(jié)，顯然全文并沒有主要介紹 Robert Hoffman and His Clean－ up Team。主要考查考生是否理解與文章主題有關(guān)的事實依據(jù)、有關(guān)細節(jié)或具體數(shù)據(jù)等。要特別注意表示因果關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞，如 because,since, so, therefore， as a result ,in that等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折對立關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞， 如 however， but， although， yet，still， in fact， on the other hand，on the contrary等；與主旨大意有關(guān)的重要事實和細節(jié)的詞，如 for example， that is， it is essential，a case in point等。 下面以 2021年 1月的實考試題予以說明。 B) avoid pain C) stand torture D) feel pain ? does the writer mean by saying “we pay for our sensitivity” in the first paragraph? A) We have to take care of our sense of pain. B) We suffer from our sense of feeling. C) We should try hard to resist pain. D) We are hurt when we feel pain . ? 39. What is essential for people to stand pain according to the writer? A) Their relaxation B) Their interest C) Their nerves D) Their attitude ? 答案精解］這三道題都是細節(jié)題。第一段“ The human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it．”指出人體內(nèi)有成千上萬的神經(jīng)使人們能夠敏銳感覺到身體內(nèi)外出現(xiàn)的情況。因此答案為 D。“ But we pay for our sensitivity． We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body。 ? 題 39問的是“抵御疼痛的關(guān)鍵是 …” 。 3）推理題 ?推理題考查考生對于文中信息進行綜合分析、判斷推理的能力。推斷的范圍主要包括作者的觀點 ,態(tài)度、主張、傾向、目的、思路、語氣等。因此要先讀懂問題，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，在原文中找到出處，然后對比 4個備選答案，排除文章中明確說明強調(diào)或闡述的選項，根