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2025-02-09 12:02本頁面
【正文】 ion Alternative for unpetitive units 26 . Threats 27 The greatest threat is that pressure to adopt the highest environmental standards will hit the oil industry too hard, and erode public support ? Overzealous environmentalism could break the Dutch oil industry ? Netherlands is much tougher on policing mon environmental rules than other EU states ? Pressure groups and Municipalities pete to appear greener ? Implementation methods are not seen as consistent with the true needs Oil may no longer be seen as a contributor to society 28 High costs associated with Rotterdam are currently outweighed by advantages. Shifts in the labour rate productivity balance could change this ? Port dues on tonnage basis has led to highest crude import costs in Europe ? High construction costs ? One of the highest labour rates in Europe ? High social costs 29 External petition may increase or bee distorted EU Competition Global Competition ? Cheaper services at peting ports ? Petropreneurs buy cheap assets ? EU member states or unions support own weaker refineries ? Middle East oil product and base chemical exports ? Chemical growth attracted to US by lower costs 30 Substitution and new technology could cause a ‘surprise’ drop in oil demand, but no significant change likely before 2021 Transport ? Common rail technology will make diesel substantially more efficient ? Hybrid engines ? Biomass ethanol could substitute mogas and diesel ? Fuel cell technology no significant impact before 2021 ? Increase in diesel market share may distort refinery economics ? LPG/CNG substitution of mogas and diesel The current very low crude oil prices will delay any substitution effects Other uses ? Gas (from Russia/ North Sea) will substitute heating oil in Belgium and Germany ? Renewable fuels in export markets – FO for electricity – GO home/mercial heating – LFO for industry 31 D. Remendations 32 Four key issues need to be addressed to ensure long term international petitiveness of the oil industry Long term petitiveness Stable industrial policy Affordable environmental policy Action on infrastructure costs Optimisation of oil industry There is also scope for streamlining procedures and encouraging new valueadded activities 33 A stable, visible government policy for the oil sector needs to be agreed, and external trends regularly monitored ? Seek consensus on –environment tradeoff –size of oil industry –type of oil activities –location and logistics corridors ? Publicise agreed vision ? Own plans ? Linkages with own international works ? Implications of locations ? Concrete ides ? Implications of increase or decrease in oil industry presence ? VROM part of consensus ? Local authorities brought into consensus and location planning Long term policy development ? Evaluate international oil industry trends ? Provide own information and benchmarks on petitiveness of Dutch oil industry ? Benchmark cost infrastructure and charges ? VROM –Compare other EU states environment regulations Regular feedback Ministry of Economic Affairs Oil Industry Ports Other 34 Environmental principles for oil should balance the need for petitiveness with Dutch environment needs ? Agree approach with VROM ? Monitor proposals that add extra cost above petitors –Ensure only implemented if environment impact high ? Review existing targets for oil industry –Seek changes if undue petitive pen
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