chap7消費(fèi)者、生產(chǎn)者與市場效率-在線瀏覽
2025-07-18 00:43本頁面
【正文】 Producer surplus is the amount a seller is paid minus the cost of production. ?它衡量了賣者參與市場得到的收益。 Just as consumer surplus is related to the demand curve, producer surplus is closely related to the supply curve. ? 在任何一種數(shù)量上，供給曲線給出的價(jià)格表示邊際賣者的成本，這個(gè) 邊際賣者 是如果價(jià)格再略低一點(diǎn)就首先離開市場的賣者。 The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market. 生產(chǎn)者剩余與供給曲線 Producer Surplus and the Supply Curve 用供給曲線衡量生產(chǎn)者剩余 Measuring Producer Surplus with the Supply Curve... Quantity of Houses Painted Price of House Painting 500 800 $900 0 600 1 2 3 4 Supply 格拉瑪 的生產(chǎn)者剩余 ($100) Price = $600 用供給曲線衡量生產(chǎn)者剩余 Measuring Producer Surplus with the Supply Curve... Quantity of Houses Painted Price of House Painting 500 800 $900 0 600 1 2 3 4 Supply 格拉瑪 的生產(chǎn)者剩余 ($300) Price = $800 喬治亞 的生產(chǎn)者剩余 ($200) 總生產(chǎn)者剩余 ($500) P2 Q2 Quantity Price 0 Supply Q1 P1 A B C 原先的生產(chǎn)者剩余 原來生產(chǎn)者的額外生產(chǎn)者剩余 D E F 新生產(chǎn)者的 生產(chǎn)者剩余 價(jià)格如何影響生產(chǎn)者剩余 How Price Affects Producer Surplus... 市場均衡的評價(jià) Evaluating the Market Equilibrium Price 均衡價(jià)格 Equilibrium price 0 Quantity 均衡數(shù)量 Equilibrium quantity A Supply C B Demand D E 市場均衡時(shí)的消費(fèi)者與生產(chǎn)者剩余 Consumer and Producer Surplus in the Market Equilibrium Price 均衡價(jià)格 0 Quantity 均衡數(shù)量 A Supply C B Demand D E 生產(chǎn)者剩余 消費(fèi)者剩余 市場效率 Market Efficiency 消費(fèi)者剩余和生產(chǎn)者剩余可以用來回答下列問題：由自由市場決定的資源配置從某種意義上來說是令人滿意的配置嗎？ Consumer surplus and producer surplus may be used to address the following question: Is the allocation of resources determined by free markets in any way desirable? 經(jīng)濟(jì)福利與總剩余 Economic WellBeing and Total Surplus and 消費(fèi)者剩余Consumer Surplus = 買者評價(jià)Value to buyers _ 買者支付的金額 Amount paid by uyers 生產(chǎn)者剩余 Producer Surplus = 賣者得到的金額Amount received by sellers _ 賣者的成本Cost to sellers 經(jīng)濟(jì)福利與總剩余 Economic WellBeing and Total Surplus or 總剩余Total Surplus = 買者的評價(jià) Value to buyers _ 賣者的成本 Cost to sellers 總剩余Total Surplus = 消費(fèi)者剩余Consumer Surplus 生產(chǎn)者剩余Producer Surplus + 效率 Efficiency 當(dāng)資源配置使總剩余最大化時(shí)，我們說，這種配置達(dá)到效率。 有效率的配置 Efficient Allocation 評價(jià) /成本 0 Quantity 有效率數(shù)量 賣者成本曲線 買者評價(jià)曲線 賣者的成本 買者的評價(jià) 買者的評價(jià) 賣者的成本 買者的評價(jià)大于賣者的成本 買者的評價(jià)小于賣者的成本 有效率的配置 Efficient Allocation 市場均衡是有效率的 Market Equilibrium is Efficient 關(guān)于市場運(yùn)行結(jié)果的三大結(jié)論 Three Insights Concerning Market Outes ? 自由市場把物品的供給分配給對這些物品評價(jià)最高的買者。 Free markets allocate the demand for goods to the sellers who can produce them at least cost. ? 自由市場的總生產(chǎn)量使消費(fèi)者和生產(chǎn)者剩余最大化 Free markets produce the quantity of goods that maximizes the sum of co
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