國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)-緒論(1)-在線瀏覽
2025-07-15 13:19本頁面
【正文】 ons of the world. Four Major Trade blocs ? 1. European Union (EU 歐盟） ? 2. North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA 北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議） ? 3. Southern Common Market (SCCM 南錐共同市場） ? 4. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN 東南亞國家聯(lián)盟） Types of trade bloc: ? Free trade area(自由貿(mào)易區(qū)） ? A customs union（關(guān)稅同盟） ? A mon market（共同市場） ? Economic union（經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟） ? Details see P24 Roles and Functions of Blocs ? To establish tariffs that protect interregional trade from outside forces ? To establish some form of regional control regarding trade that fulfills the interests of nations within that region ? To promote regional security and political concerns or to develop trade in such a way as to enhance the security in the region ? To promote SouthtoSouth trade ? To promote economic and technical cooperation among developing countries ? To restrain global petition ? Import quotas (limiting the amount of imports into the country) ? Customs delays (slow down the ability for the imported product from abroad to enter the domestic market) Trade Blocks ? Trade block, also called trade embargoes, is a form of economic sanctions. It is a prohibition upon exports or imports, either with respects to specific products or specific countries. Trade Blocks ? Ways to Perform Trade Block Trade block is performed by the embargoing countries in such a manner that they discriminate pletely against certain other countries usaually because of a policy dispute. They deny the outflow of goods, services, or assets to a particular country while allowing export to other countries, or discriminate against imports from the targeted country, or block both exports to and imports from the target. ? Effects of Trade Block Hurts both economically The basic determinant of the success or failure of economic sanctions is the trade elasticity. 一國或數(shù)國政府通過法令對另一國采取強(qiáng)硬措施，以斷絕相互之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易關(guān)系的行為。常用的封鎖措施有：中斷貿(mào)易關(guān)系，禁止對被封鎖國輸入和輸出貨物，禁止對該國輸出技術(shù)，截?cái)嘟煌ㄟ\(yùn)輸，凍結(jié)該國政府和私人存在他國的資金和財(cái)產(chǎn)，停止與該國的一切財(cái)政、資金往來等。 Eg. China, Iraq, Cuba etc. Trade Blocks 貿(mào)易封鎖 WTO: A Navigation Guide ? What is WTO? ? How does it work? ? Objectives, functions and basic Principles What is WTO? ? Full form: World Trade Organization ? History: 1947: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定） 1995： WTO. Uruguay Round held during 19861994
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